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Sokudo Safety Program Table of Contents

áTable of Contents
 

President's Letter

Insert letter form Sokudo General Manager or Chairman here.

Sokudo Environmental Health & Safety Department

The Sokudo Environmental Health & Safety Department is responsible for managing safety and health programs for SOKUDO and also for working with the other Sokudo departments in development of local or site-specific safety programs. The overall objective is to maximize the safety and health of employees throughout SOKUDO.

Programs and services provided by the Sokudo Environmental Health & Safety Department include the following:

• Monitor safety regulations.
• Develop policies and/or protocols concerning safety and health issues.
• Disseminate information concerning safety regulations, policies, and protocols.
• Submit reports and other required documentation to pertinent State agencies.
• Evaluate facilities to maintain safe work environments.
• Ensure that safety equipment such as fire extinguishers, sprinkler systems, and fire alarms are inspected/tested.
• Report results of evaluations, tests, etc., along with recommended corrective measures to appropriate personnel for action.
• Ensure that employees know how to dispose of hazardous chemical waste.
• Review construction plans for compliance with codes and standards.
• Assist managers in obtaining professional services to measure environmental parameters such as vapors or noise.
• Provide safety-related training.
• Evaluate injury reports for accident trends and perform investigations on all reported incidents.
• Maintain Material Safety Data Sheets as an information resource on hazardous materials.
• Assist with emergency preparedness planning for major disasters.
• Assist departments in the development of Emergency Evacuation Plans.
• Participate in safety committees and task forces.
• Publish the Safety Spin newsletter.
• Maintain a library of safety material for employee use.     

Responsibilities

All Sokudo employees and contractors are responsible and accountable for safety performance and environmental protection.

Sokudo Senior Management

      The Sokudo Senior Management is responsible for the following:

• Providing the facilities and equipment required for a safe work environment.
• Reviewing and approving health and safety policies and protocols.
• Correcting safety deficiencies by establishing priorities and committing resources, as appropriate.

Supervisors and Managers

Supervisors and Managers are responsible for the following:

• Promoting safety and health.
• Controlling or eliminating occupational hazards.
• Periodically conducting safety evaluations.
• Ensuring that employees are adequately trained in safety policies and protocols.
• Ensuring that employees are provided with appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment for safe job performance.     

Employees and Contractors

      Employees and Contractors are responsible for the following:

• Performing their jobs in the safest prescribed manner.
• Eliminating and/or reporting workplace hazards.
• Reporting accidents, incidents, and unsafe practices or conditions via the Online Accident Report or the Online Safety Suggestion/Hazard Notification Form.
• Complying with safety and health policies and protocols.

Sokudo Safety Manual

The SOKUDO Safety Program has been developed by the Sokudo Environmental Health & Safety Department as a reference manual. It describes programs, practices, and procedures to be followed to help ensure a safe and healthy environment. It is the intent of Sokudo Electronics to comply with all relevant occupational and environmental regulations and nationally recognized codes and standards. Using the manual's protocols will complement responsible efforts to foster safe work habits and to maintain safe work environments.

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2-1: Accident Reporting

An accident is an unplanned occurrence that may or may not result in damage to people, property, equipment, or the environment. When accidents are reported promptly, injured employees receive timely medical care and unsafe conditions receive prompt corrective action. The Environmental Health & Safety Department investigates accidents to identify the root and contributing causes, identify accident trends, determine the effectiveness of current safety programs, and prevent future accidents.

IMPORTANT:
Report all accidents via the Online Accident Report immediately. Report hazards via the Online Suggestion/Hazard Notification Form

2-2: Dress Code

Dress in a manner that does not impair safety. Loose clothing, long hair, jewelry, and inappropriate shoes may be dangerous around moving equipment.

Always wear clothing that is appropriate for your job. Refer to the chapters on Personal Protective Equipment and Office Safety for more information.

2-4: Housekeeping

Good housekeeping skills are essential for personal safety. Sokudo employees are responsible for reducing potential hazards and keeping their work areas safe and clutter-free. Good housekeeping guidelines include keeping aisles and stairways free from clutter, cleaning spills, minimizing combustibles in workplace and storage areas, and keeping all exits free from obstructions.

Maintain clear and unobstructed access to emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers, pull stations, eye wash units, showers, etc.     

Indoor Air Quality

Indoor air quality refers to the condition of air within an enclosed workplace. The indoor environment of any building is based on several factors including location, climate, building design, construction techniques, building occupant load, and contaminants.

Four key elements are involved in the development of poor indoor air quality:

      1. Multiple contaminant sources
      2. Poor ventilation systems
      3. Pollutant pathways
      4. Building usage and occupant load

Outside sources for indoor air contaminants include pollen, dust, industrial pollutants, vehicle exhaust, and unsanitary debris near outdoor air intake vents. Other outdoor agents, such as underground storage tanks or landfills, may also affect indoor air quality

Indoor contaminants are classified according to these categories:

• Combustion products (e.g., smoke)
• Volatile organic compounds (e.g., solvents and cleaning agents)
• Respiratory particulates (e.g., dust, pollen)
• Respiratory byproducts (e.g., carbon dioxide)
• Microbial organisms (e.g., mold, mildew, fungi, and bacteria)
• Radionuclides (e.g., radon)
• Odors (e.g., perfume, smoke, mold, and mildew)

Additional examples of indoor contaminants include dust, dirt or microbial growth in       ventilation systems, emissions from office equipment, and fumes or odors from any source.

Sokudo follows recognized guidelines for new building ventilation systems and air quality control; however, employees are also responsible for the quality of their indoor air. Because indoor air often contains a variety of contaminants at levels far below most exposure standards, it is difficult to link specific health problems with known pollutants. Employees must minimize all contaminants to reduce the low-level pollutant mixtures that commonly cause health problems.

The following practices will help ensure optimum indoor air quality:

• Fix leaks and drips. (Moisture promotes microbial [i.e., mold and mildew] growth.)
• Clean mold and mildew growths with a bleach/water mixture to prevent re-growth.
• Ensure that indoor ventilation filters are changed regularly.
• Minimize chemical and aerosol usage. Ventilate your area when chemical or aerosol usage is required. (These compounds include paint, cleaning agents, hairspray, perfume, etc.)
• Do not block air ducts to control the temperature in your office.
• Smoking is strictly prohibited within Sokudo facilities.

If you have any questions concerning indoor air quality, please contact the Environmental Health & Safety Department.

Lifting

All employees must use proper lifting techniques to avoid injury when lifting heavy objects. In general, employees should seek assistance when lifting objects that weigh 50 pounds or more. Use your good judgment to determine if you need assistance, a dolly, back support belt, or other tool to safely lift an object.

The back supports the weight of the entire upper body. When you lift objects or move heavy loads, your back has to support even more weight. If you exceed your body's natural limits, your back cannot support both your body and the extra load. The excess, unsupported pressure is transferred to the lower back, where injury is imminent. By using the muscles in your arms and legs and exercising proper lifting techniques, you can move loads safely and protect your back from possible injury.

Follow these guidelines to help avoid back injuries:

• Avoid moving objects manually. Plan jobs and arrange work areas so that heavy items may be moved mechanically.
• Keep in good physical condition. If you are not used to lifting and vigorous exercise, do not attempt difficult lifting tasks.
• Think before you act. Use proper lifting techniques and lifting aides such as back support belts, dollies, etc. Get help if you need it.

When lifting heavy objects, follow these steps and refer to the illustration on the following page:

1. Test the object's weight before handling it. If it seems too heavy or bulky, get assistance.
2. Face the object, place one foot behind the object and one foot along its side.
3.  Bend at the knees.
4. Get a firm, balanced grip on the object. Use the palms of your hands, and use gloves if necessary.
5. Keep the object as close to your body as possible. (Pull the load in close before lifting.)
6. Lift by straightening your legs and slightly unbending your back.

              •If the object is too heavy or bulky, get help.
              •Do not twist the back or bend sideways.
              •Do not perform awkward lifts.
              •Do not lift objects at arm's length.

7. When moving objects, proceed with caution through doors and around corners.

Visit the Ergonomics Section for more information.

Preventing Slips and Falls

It is easy to prevent falling accidents. Employees should always follow good housekeeping practices and pay attention to their environment to avoid slips and falls.

In addition, employees should follow these guidelines:

• Turn on office lights. Ensure that passageways are adequately lighted.
• Avoid horseplay.
• Avoid unnecessary haste. Do not run in work areas.
• Use ladders or step-stools to reach high places. Never climb onto a chair, drawer, or shelves.
• Keep hallways and stairwells neat and free of obstacles.
• Remove items that may pose a potential slipping hazard.
• Clean up spills as soon as they occur.
• Never obstruct your view when walking.
• Do not wear clothing that is too long or shoes that have slippery heels or soles.
• Hold the handrail when using stairs.
• Be careful when walking on wet surfaces or when entering a building while wearing wet shoes.
• Report any hazards via the Online Suggestion Form/Hazard Notification Form. 

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Smoking

The United States Surgeon General and the Environmental Protection Agency have       determined the following:

• Breathing secondary smoke causes various diseases and allergic reactions in healthy non-smokers.
• Separating smokers and non-smokers within the same air space does not eliminate exposure to environmental tobacco smoke for non-smokers.
• Tobacco smoke and secondary tobacco smoke are Class A carcinogens.

To promote a safe, healthy, and pleasant environment for employees Sokudo has instituted a smoke-free policy. 

It is the policy of the Company, that there will be NO SMOKING allowed in any part of the Company office building. This policy complies with applicable city and state laws prohibiting smoking in the workplace.

• Employees and/or guests must go outside the building to a designated area to smoke.

• This policy includes no smoking in the restrooms and in closed-door offices.

• All Sokudo facilities and buildings, regardless of location or ownership, must be entirely smoke-free. This includes all foyers, entryways, classrooms, restrooms, offices, eating areas, and Sokudo-owned/leased housing.

Visitor Safety

It is the policy of the Company to provide security for its property, its employees and for persons visiting its premises. Security is the responsibility of all Company employees.

1. The direction of all Company security programs shall be the responsibility of the Director of Internal Operations.

2. SOKUDO is in a highly competitive industry. The proprietary information of the Company must be safeguarded at all times and in all places. If non-employees request such information, whether verbal or written, you are expected to respect the confidential information entrusted to you and to promptly notify your immediate supervisor of the request for information before passing on any information. You should not discuss any specific products or other proprietary information away from work. While at work, refrain from discussing confidential information except with employees who have a need to know.

3. Visitors to our facility must receive authorization and a visitor's badge before they are permitted to enter. A "visitor" is defined as anyone who is not employed by SOKUDO. When visitors are on Company property, the employee(s) visited should know of their whereabouts at all times.

4. Visits of a personal nature should be restricted to the Lobby or one of the meeting rooms.

5. Keys for use on doors, desks, file cabinets, vehicles and other Company equipment will be issued to those employees whose duties require them to have keys. The issuance and security of these keys, as well as the maintenance of key records, are the responsibility of the Director of Internal Operations. Employees will be required to return issued keys when the nature of their job changes or when their employment is terminated.

6. Sokudo facilities may be entered outside of normal working hours only by employees who have been authorized to do so by their supervisor. All personnel so authorized must be issued the appropriate security card by the Director of Internal Operations.

7. Violations of security procedures and instances where Company property has been lost or stolen must be reported immediately to the Director of Internal Operations.

8. Strict adherence to this policy is required to help protect SOKUDO' products, provide personal protection for our employees and visitors and provide liability protection for the Company. Additionally, we ask you to report to the Director of Internal Operations any visitor actions that appear irregular or suspicious.

Vehicle Safety (From HR Policy: HR-69 Driving)

1.  Employees are to follow all traffic laws and regulations and to drive safely at all times while on company business.

2.   Employees are to use safety belts and shoulder straps at all times.

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3-1: General Office Safety

All employee-occupied areas, called work spaces, must meet minimum safety standards such as good lighting, sound flooring, good housekeeping, protection from changes in elevation and adequate means of egress. Specific OSHA standards govern these workplace conditions and structures. Although the OSHA standards in this area are voluminous and detailed, for most workplaces meeting the objective of safe work spaces is a matter of good observation and judgment.

A large percentage of workplace accidents and injuries occur in office buildings. Like the Fab, Training Center, or Lab Area, the office requires a few preventive measures to ensure a safe and healthful environment. Common causes of office accidents include the following:

• Slipping, tripping, and falling hazards
• Burning, cutting, and pinching hazards
• Improper lifting and handling techniques
• Unobservant and inattentive employees
• Improper office layout and arrangement
• Dangerous electrical wiring
• Exposure to toxic substances
• Horseplay

The following sections address several office safety practices. Other preventive measures not mentioned here may be necessary also.

REMEMBER:
The office building is not a sterile working environment; common workplace hazards can be extra dangerous when you ignore them.

Refer to other chapters in this manual, such as Electrical Safety, General Safety, Fire Safety, and others for more information on workplace safety. Always use common sense when safety is a concern.

Good Housekeeping Practices

Many office accidents are caused by poor housekeeping practices. By keeping office areas both neat and clean, you can eliminate most slipping, tripping, and falling hazards. Other good housekeeping practices include the following:

• Ensure that office lighting is adequate and available. Notify the appropriate personnel of burned out light bulbs in need of replacement, and have additional lighting provided as necessary.
• Ensure that electrical cords and phone cords do not cross walkways or otherwise pose a tripping hazard. If you cannot move a cord, have a new outlet installed or secure the cord to the floor with cord covering strips. Do not tape cords down or run them underneath carpet.
• Report or repair tripping hazards such as defective tiles, boards, or carpet immediately.
• Clean spills and pick up fallen debris immediately. Even a loose pencil or paper clip could cause a serious falling injury.
• Keep office equipment, facilities, and machines in good condition.
• Store items in an approved storage space. Take care to not stack boxes too high or too tight. Ensure that boxes are clearly labeled with their contents. 

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Hazardous Objects and Materials

Hazardous objects such as knives and firearms are not permitted in the workplace. In addition, hazardous chemicals and materials should not be stored in the general office areas. Hazardous materials include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Carcinogens
• Combustibles
• Flammables
• Gas cylinders
• Irritants
• Oxidizers
• Reactives 

Office Chemical Safety

Employee exposure to hazardous substances contained in products even to the relatively small extent which occurs in offices and commercial establishments is subject to the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard. The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) is based on a simple concept - that employees have both a need and a right to know the hazards and identities of the chemicals they are exposed to when working. They also need to know what protective measures are available to prevent adverse effects from occurring. The HCS is designed to provide employees with the information they need.

The HCS requires information to be prepared and transmitted regarding all hazardous chemicals. The HCS covers both physical hazards (such as flammability), and health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage, and cancer). Most chemicals used in the workplace have some hazard potential, and thus will be covered by the rule.

Each employee who may be "exposed" to hazardous chemicals when working must be provided information and trained prior to initial assignment to work with a hazardous chemical, and whenever the hazard changes. "Exposure" or "exposed" under the rule means that "an employee is subjected to a hazardous chemical in the course of employment through any route of entry (inhalation, ingestion, skin contact or absorption, etc.) and includes potential (e.g., accidental or possible) exposure."

General Office chemical safely:

1. Use any office chemical including cleaners, correction fluid, copier toners, etc. with care and according to label instructions.
2. If there is a mishap and a chemical spills, notify your supervisor and upon authorization, clean it up immediately.
3. Know the hazards associated with each chemical you use. This information is available on labels, Material Safety Data Sheets and from your supervisor.
4. If exposed to a chemical substance or you experience any discomfort in using a material, immediately report the problem to your supervisor or Safety Manager injury and illness prevention.

Refer to the section on Hazard Communication for more information on storage and use of hazardous materials.

Preventing Cuts and Punctures

Cuts and punctures happen when people use everyday office supplies without exercising care. Follow these guidelines to help reduce the chance for cuts and punctures:

• When sealing envelopes, use a liquid dispenser, not your tongue.
• Be careful when using kitchen knives, scissors, staplers, letter openers, and box openers. Any of these items could cause a painful injury.
• Avoid picking up broken glass with your bare hands. Wear gloves and use a broom and a dust pan.
• Place used blades or broken glass in a rigid container, such as a box, before disposing in a wastebasket. 

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Preventing Slips and Falls

As outlined in the General Safety chapter of this manual, the easiest way to avoid slips and falls is to pay attention to your surroundings and to avoid running or rushing. To ensure safety for others in the office, however, follow these guidelines:

• Arrange office furnishings in a manner that provides unobstructed areas for movement.
• Keep stairs, steps, flooring, and carpeting well maintained.
• Ensure that glass doors have some type of marking to keep people from walking through them.
• Clearly mark any difference in floor level that could cause an accident.
• Secure throw rugs and mats to prevent slipping hazards.
• Do not place wastebaskets or other objects in walkways. 

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Preventing Stress

To reduce stress and prevent fatigue, it is important to take mini-breaks (not many breaks) throughout the day. If possible, change tasks at least once every two hours. Stretch your arms, neck, and legs often if you do the same type of work for long periods of time. Rest your eyes often by closing them or looking at something other than the work at hand. For a quick pick-me-up, breathe deeply several times by inhaling through your nose and exhaling through your mouth. In addition, always try to eat your lunch somewhere other than your desk.

Other examples of stress-relieving exercises that can be done at your desk include the following:

(Note: Check with your doctor before doing any exercises if you have a health condition that could be affected by these exercises and stretches)

Head and Neck Stretch:

• Slowly turn your head to the left, and hold it for three seconds. Slowly turn your head to the right, and hold it for three seconds. Drop your chin gently towards your chest, and then tilt it back as far as you can. Repeat these steps five to ten times.

 Shoulder Roll:

• Roll your shoulders forward and then backward using a circular motion.

 Upper Back Stretch:

• Grasp one arm below the elbow and pull gently towards the other shoulder. Hold this position for five seconds and then repeat with the other arm.

Wrist Wave:

• With your arms extended in front of you, raise and lower your hands several times.

 Finger Stretch:

• Make fists with your hands and hold tight for one second, then spread your fingers wide for five seconds.

3-2: Equipment Safety

Common office machines, such as the following, require special safety consideration: copiers, microwaves, printers, and computers. Be sure

Other office equipment that requires safety consideration includes furniture such as file cabinets and shelves, desks, and chairs.

File Cabinets and Shelves

Because file cabinets and shelves tend to support heavy loads, treat them with special care.

Follow these safety guidelines for file cabinets:

• Secure file cabinets that are not weighted at the bottom. Either bolt them to the floor or to the wall.
  • In areas that are earthquake-prone, this is a necessity!
• Ensure that file cabinet drawers cannot easily be pulled clear of the cabinet.
• Do not block ventilation grates with file cabinets.
• Open only one drawer at a time to keep the cabinet from toppling.
• Close drawers when they are not in use.
• Do not place heavy objects on top of cabinets. Be aware that anything on top of a cabinet may fall off if a drawer is opened suddenly.
• Close drawers slowly using the handle to avoid pinched fingers.
• Keep the bottom drawer full. This will help stabilize the entire cabinet.

In addition, follow these safety guidelines for office shelves:

• Secure shelves by bolting them to the floor or wall.
  • Again, in earthquake-prone areas, this is a necessity!
• Place heavy objects on the bottom shelves. This will keep the entire structure more stable.
• Ensure that there is at least 18 inches between the top shelf items and the ceiling.
  • This space will allow ceiling sprinklers (if present) to function properly if a fire occurs.
• Do not block ventilation grates with shelves.
• Never climb on shelves (even lower shelves). Use an approved ladder. 

   

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Desks

 Follow these safety guidelines for office desks:

• Keep desks in good condition (i.e., free from sharp edges, nails, etc.).
• Ensure that desks do not block exits or passageways.
• Ensure that glass-top desks do not have sharp edges.
• Ensure that desks with spring-loaded tables function properly. The table should not spring forth with enough force to cause an injury.
• Do not climb on desks. Use an approved ladder.
• Keep desk drawers closed when not in use.
• Repair or report any desk damage that could be hazardous. 

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Chairs

Safety guidelines for office chairs include the following:

• Do not lean back in office chairs, particularly swivel chairs with rollers.
• Do not climb on any office chair. Use an approved ladder.
• Office desk chairs should have adjustable back supports and seat height. Make sure that your chair's back support position and seat height are comfortable.
• Take care when sitting in a chair with rollers. Make sure it does not roll out from under you when you sit down.
• Repair or report any chair damage that could be hazardous.
• Do not roll chairs over electrical cords. 

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Ladders

Always use an approved ladder or stool to reach any item above your extended arm height. Never use a makeshift device, such as a desktop, file cabinet, bookshelf, or box, as a substitute for a ladder.

Follow these guidelines when using ladders:

• Do not load a ladder above its intended weight capacity.
• Place ladders on slip-free surfaces even if they have slip-resistant feet. Secure the ladder if a slip-free surface is not available.
• Avoid placing ladders in walkways. Secure a ladder if its location could cause an accident.
• Keep areas around ladders clean and free of debris.
• Do not use a ladder in front of a door unless the door is locked and barricaded.

Refer to the sections on Ladder Safety and Fall Protection for more information on ladder safety.

3-3: Work Station Arrangement

With the extensive use of computers and other automated desk devices in the workplace, employees must take special care to ensure proper work station arrangement. For the purpose of this manual, a work station consists of the equipment and furniture associated with a typical desk job (i.e., desk, chair, and computer components).

In recent years, computer screens or Video Display Terminals (VDTs) have received much attention concerning non-ionizing radiation levels. Tests prove, however, that VDTs do not emit harmful levels of radiation. Improper work station arrangement combined with repetitive motion, however, may contribute to visual and musculoskeletal fatigue.

Cumulative trauma disorders, such as carpal tunnel syndrome may result from the stress of repetitive motion. Therefore, it is very important to arrange your work station properly and to take breaks frequently.

The following sections offer recommendations for ensuring employee comfort through proper work station arrangement.

Operator's Position

Your seating position at work is important to your comfort and safety. To reduce the painful effects of repetitive motion, follow these guidelines when working with computers or typewriters:

• Always sit up straight. Make sure your chair is adjusted to provide adequate support to your back.
• Place your feet flat on the floor or on a footrest. Lower legs should be approximately vertical, and thighs should be approximately horizontal. The majority of your weight should be on the buttocks.
• Ensure that there is at least 1 inch of clearance between the top of your thighs and the bottom of the desk or table.
• Keep your wrists in a natural position. They should not rest on the edge of the desk.
• Keep the front edge of your chair approximately 4 inches behind your knees.

Equipment Arrangement

By properly arranging your equipment, you can also help reduce the harmful effects of repetitive motion. Follow these guidelines for arranging office equipment:  

Lighting:

• Lighting around computer work stations should illuminate the work area without obscuring the VDT or causing glare. Position computer screens, draperies, blinds, and pictures to reduce glare during work hours (e.g., place the VDT screen at a right angle to the window).

VDT Screen:

• VDT images should be clear and well-defined. Adjust the screen's brightness, contrast and display size to meet your needs. If a screen flickers or jumps, have it    repaired or replaced.
• Place the VDT 20-28 inches away from your face. The center of the VDT should be   approximately 15 to 25 degrees below your line of vision.

Keyboards:

• Position computer keyboards so that the angle between the forearm and upper arm is
  between 80 and 120 degrees. Place the keyboard in an area that is accessible and comfortable.

Wrist Support:

• Use wrist supports made of padded material. The support should allow you to type without bending your wrists.

Document Holders:

• Keep documents at approximately the same height and distance from your face as the VDT screen.

Telephones:

• Neck tension is a common problem caused by holding the telephone between the head and neck. Use a headset or speakerphone if you use the telephone for extended periods of  time. 

Refer to the Ergonomics Section for more information and additional tips on workstation setup.

3-4: Additional Information
OSHA Regulations Concerning Office Safety

The following points, along with a review of the General Workplace Inspection Checklist provide a perspective on the types of hazards that should be identified and corrected to meet the safe work space and work surface requirements of the OSHA standards.

(1)  Guard railings, that must be at least 42 inches high, have a mid-rail and be able to support a 20-pound load for each foot of length, must be installed on any change in elevation of more than 30 inches. Exceptions are made for loading docks and other special situations. Stairways must be similarly guarded.

(2)  Floor openings must be guarded by a cover or guard railings at all times or be constantly attended.

(3)  A safe means of egress must be provided from any occupied building. It must be maintained free of obstructions at all times and be illuminated, artificially if required. Federal regulations (29CFR1910.37) require a minimum width of 28 inches in any area considered a means of egress, such as hallways, storage areas, etc.

(4)  Exit signs stating "EXIT" must meet a 50 lux lumination standard and have at least 6 inch lettering and be located at doors and intersections. There is an exception for spaces with an occupant load of fewer than 50 persons, if consistent with local building and fire codes.

(5)  Decorative materials near exits and avenues of egress must be flame retardant.

(6)  Generally, at least two exits are required unless there are fewer than 30 occupants. They must open in the exiting direction. In no case may an exit be locked or obstructed, although it may be equipped with an alarm.

(7) Every elevated space used for storage must be load rated and the rating posted conspicuously. The weight of material stored may not exceed capacity. Material must be stored, piled and racked in a manner that prevents slipping or falling.

(8) Emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers and electrical control panels, must be kept unobstructed for immediate access. Fire Extinguishers and Fire Alarm Systems must be tested and certified annually.

(9) Means of egress shall be continuously maintained free of all obstructions or impediments to full instant use in the case of fire or other emergency.

Remember to report any and all safety incidents even if there is no injury.

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4-1: General Fab Safety

The hazards associated with work in a Fab require special safety considerations. Whether you are installing new equipment, making modifications, performing preventative maintenance and repairs, or just walking through the Fab, the potential hazards for personal injury are numerous. This section highlights essential safety information for working in most Fabs. Refer to other sections in this manual, including General Safety, Electrical Safety, Chemical Safety, Confined Spaces and Fire/Life Safety, for more information on handling many Fab situations.

The following table highlights common Fab hazards:
 

 
It is not possible to detail all the risks involved with working in a Fab. However, it is possible to foresee many hazards by carefully planning each job. To prevent accidents, utilize your knowledge, training, and common sense. Evaluate potential sources of injury, and attempt to eliminate any hazards.
    

Personal Protection

There are several measures you must take to protect yourself from Fab hazards.

Always wear safety glasses with side shields when in any Fab. Sokudo policy requires all employees to wear safety glasses in any Fab, Chase, Basement, Sub-Fab, or any part of a manufacturing facility regardless of customer policy that may not require safety glasses. This policy applies to the Sokudo Training Lab and Applications Lab as well. Additional protection using goggles or face shields may be necessary when working around chemicals or electrical systems.

Wear suitable gloves and other Personal Protective Equipment when working around chemicals. Refer to the Chemical Safety section or the Personal Protective Equipment section for more information.

Job Safety

Before beginning work in a Fab, be sure you are authorized to perform the work to be
done and inspect your tools and equipment. If a procedure is potentially hazardous to others in the area, warn fellow workers accordingly. Use warning signs or barriers, as necessary.

Notify your supervisor if you notice any unsafe conditions such as the following:

• Defective tools or equipment
• Improperly guarded machines
• Chemical leaks or excessive fumes

Inform other employees if you see an unsafe work practice; however, be careful not to
distract a person who is working in a hazardous area.

Safety Guidelines

Follow these guidelines for general Fab safety:

• Know the hazards associated with your work. Be sure you are fully educated on the proper use and operation of any equipment before beginning a job.
• Always wear appropriate safety gear and protective clothing.
• Maintain good housekeeping standards and keep the work area free from slipping/tripping hazards.
• Follow all Lockout/Tagout procedures and policies.
• Know where fire extinguishers are located and how to use them.
• Know the location of emergency shower and eye wash stations.
• Stay alert at all times.

4-2: Hand Tools

Hand tools are non-powered tools. They include wrenches, hammers, screw
drivers, cutting devices, and other hand-operated mechanisms. Even though hand tool injuries tend to be less severe than power tool injuries, hand tool injuries are more common. Because people take everyday hand tools for granted, they forget to follow simple precautions for safety.

The most common hand tool accidents are caused by the following:

• Failure to use the right tool
• Failure to use a tool correctly
• Failure to keep edged tools sharp
• Failure to replace or repair a defective tool
• Failure to store tools safely

IMPORTANT:
Use the right tool to complete a job safely, quickly, and efficiently.

Follow these guidelines for general hand tool safety:

• Do not use a knife as a screwdriver. The blade can snap and injure an eye.
• Use the proper wrench to tighten or loosen nuts. Pliers can chew the corners off a nut.
• Do not use a wrench if the jaws are sprung.
• Direct saw blades, knives, and other tools away from aisle areas and other employees.
• Keep knives and scissors sharp. Dull tools are more dangerous than sharp tools.

Improper tool storage can cause Fab accidents. Follow these guidelines to ensure proper tool storage:

• Have a specific place for each tool.
• Do not place unguarded cutting tools in a tool box. Many hand injuries are caused by rummaging through a tool box that contain a jumbled assortment of sharp-edged tools.

4-3: Ladders

Ladders can make many tasks easier, but they are also a continual safety hazard. Even the
best ladder is not safe unless you are trained and proficient in using ladders. Each year, many people suffer serious injuries from accidents involving ladders. Before you use a ladder, take a moment to think about doing it safely.

A secure, well made ladder is necessary for safe ladder use. Ladders come in different
styles, including step, straight, and extension. They also vary in construction and may consist of wood, aluminum, or fiberglass. Choose the correct type and size ladder for the job. All ladders sold within the U.S. are rated as follows:

Type IA:

• Heavy-duty industrial ladder rated to hold up to 300 pounds.

Type II:

• Medium-duty commercial ladder rated to hold up to 225 pounds.

Type III:

• Light-duty household ladder rated to hold up to 200 pounds.

Follow these guidelines for safe ladder usage:

• Always inspect a ladder before you climb it. Make sure the steps are sturdy and the locking mechanisms are in good working order.
• Carry ladders horizontally with the front end slightly higher than the back end.
• To open a stepladder, make sure the spreader is locked and the pail shelf is in position. To open an extension ladder, brace the bottom end and push the rungs or rails out.
• Place ladders on a solid, level surface to ensure safety:
• Position a straight or extension ladder so that the base of the ladder is one foot away from the vertical support for every four feet of working ladder height (e.g., if you are working with eight feet of ladder, place the base of the ladder two feet from the wall).
• Do not place the top of a ladder against an uneven surface.
• When possible, tie the top of a straight or extension ladder to supports.
• Do not use a metal  ladder if you must work near electrical sources.
• Do not place a ladder in front of a door unless you lock and barricade the door and post a warning sign on the opposite side of the door.

Use common sense when climbing or working on ladders:

• Never allow more than one person on a ladder.
• To climb or descend a ladder, face the ladder and firmly grip the rails, not the rungs, with both hands.
• Keep your body between the rails at all times. Do not shift your weight to one side.
• Have somebody steady the ladder if it cannot be secured otherwise.
• Do not stand on the top four rungs of an extension ladder or the top two rungs of a step ladder.
• When working on a ladder, keep two feet and one hand on the ladder at all times.
• Do not stand on the bucket shelf of a ladder.
• Never leave a raised or open ladder unattended.

4-4: Machine Guards
 
Moving machine parts must be safeguarded to protect employees from serious injury. Belts,
gears, shafts, pulleys, robots, automatic doors and other moving parts must be guarded if there is a chance they could contact an employee.

As mentioned before, the hazards associated with moving machinery can be deadly. Hazardous areas that must be guarded include the following:

• Pinch/nip point
• Stored potential energy

There are three types of barrier guards that protect people from moving machinery. They
include:

• Fixed guards
• Interlocked guards

A fixed guard is a permanent machine part that completely encases potential hazards. Fixed guards provide maximum operator protection.

Interlock guards are connected to a machine's power source. If the guard is opened or
removed, the machine automatically disengages. Interlocking guards are often preferable
because they provide adequate protection to the employee, but they also allow easy machine maintenance.

IMPORTANT:
Guards must be in place. If a guard is removed to perform maintenance or repairs,
follow lockout/tagout procedures. Replace the guard after repairs are completed.
Do not disable or move machine guards for any reason. If you notice that a guard is
missing or damaged, contact your supervisor and have the guard replaced or
repaired before beginning work.

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5-1: General Electrical Safety

The danger of injury through electrical shock is possible whenever electrical power is
present. When a person's body completes a circuit and thus connects a power source with
the ground, an electrical burn or injury is imminent. Most fatal injuries result from high-voltage exposure; however, people can sustain severe injuries from low voltage power
if it has a high current flow.

Electrical safety is important in every work environment. The following sections cover circuit breaker loads, electrical grounding, electrical safety guidelines, and electrical emergency response.

Definitions

The following definitions help clarify general electrical safety:

Amps:
The standard unit for measuring electrical current.  

Watt:
A unit of electrical power, equal to the power developed in a circuit by a current of amp flowing through a potential difference of one volt.  

Voltage:
Electromotive force expressed in volts.  

Circuit Breaker:
A device that automatically interrupts the flow of an electrical current.  

Breaker Box:
An insulated box on which interconnected circuits are mounted.  

Electrical Panel:
An insulated panel on which electrical wires are mounted.  

Current Flow:
The rate of flow of an electrical charge, generally expressed in amps.  

Electrical Load:
The amount of power delivered by a generator or carried by a circuit. A device to which the power is delivered.  

Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI):
A GFCI detects grounding problems and shuts electricity off to prevent a possible accident.  

High Voltage:
The term high voltage applies to electrical equipment that operates at more than 600 Volts (for terminal to terminal operation) or more than 300 Volts (for terminal to ground operation). Low voltage, high current AC or DC power supplies are also considered to be high voltage.  

Hazardous Energy Sources:
This term applies to stored or residual energy such as that in capacitors, springs, elevated machine members, rotating flywheels, hydraulic systems, and air, gas, steam, or water pressure.  

Lockout:
The placement of a lock on an energy-isolating device. This act prevents workers from operating a piece of equipment until the lock is removed.  

Tagout:
The placement of a tag on an energy-isolating device. A tagout device is a prominent warning device of a lockout.  

Energy-Isolating Device:
A mechanical device that prevents the transmission or release of energy. Examples include the following:

• Manually operated circuit breakers
• Disconnect switches
• Line or block valves

Pushbuttons, selector switches, and other control circuit devices do not isolate energy.

Energy-isolating devices should be lockable by means of a hasp or other type of attachment. It should not be necessary to dismantle or reassemble a device to lock it.

Authorized Employee:
A person who locks out or tags out equipment for service or maintenance. Authorized
employees have been formally trained in proper lockout/tagout procedures.

Circuit Breaker Loads

Most office  locations have 20 amp circuit breakers that serve two or more outlets. These breakers can handle most office equipment; however, the widespread use of personal computers and associated hardware can create an electrical overload. To determine your current electrical load, follow these steps:

1. Check office equipment for a manufacturer's rating label that indicates total watts or amps. Take special care to check appliances that use electricity to generate heat.
2. Convert the watts rating to amps:
   • Amps = Watts ÷ 120 Volts
   • Total the amps for each circuit.
3. If the total equals more than 15 amps per 20 amp circuit, you may be overloading the circuit. Move enough equipment to a different circuit to reduce the circuit load;
   otherwise, have your supervisor or manager inspect the circuit wiring.
   

Electrical Grounding

Proper electrical grounding can help prevent electrical injury. Most electrical equipment is
grounded with either a three-prong plug or a two-prong plug and insulation. Because a
grounding system may be defective without your knowledge, use a GFCI to ensure electrical safety. GFCIs are required in moist or potentially damp environments.

Electrical Panels

Electrical panels or breaker boxes require special safety considerations, including the
following:

• Know where your panel box is located.
• Do not tape circuit switches to keep a breaker from tripping.
• Ensure that breaker circuits are accurately labeled within panel boxes.
• Ensure that panel box doors are securely attached.
• Do not block panel boxes. There should be at least 30 inches of clear space in front of a panel box.

Report tripped breakers and refer any electrical questions to your supervisor or manager.

Electrical Safety Guidelines

Follow these guidelines for general electrical safety:

• Be familiar with the electrical hazards associated with your workplace.
• If a prong breaks off inside an outlet, do not attempt to remove it yourself. Call a licensed electrician for assistance.
• Ensure that outlets are firmly mounted. Report loose outlets to your supervisor or manager.
• Report all electrical problems, including tripped breakers, broken switches, and flickering lights, to your supervisor or manager.
• All appliances used in Sokudo buildings must be UL labeled.
• Do not use an appliance that sparks, smokes, or becomes excessively hot, unless the appliance is specifically designed to exhibit these characteristics.
• Portable electrical heaters are dangerous and should not be used in any Sokudo buildings.
• Keep electrical equipment away from water, unless the appliance is specifically designed for use around water, such as a wet-dry shop vacuum.
• Use GFCIs whenever possible.
• Follow lockout/tagout procedures, as appropriate.

Follow these guidelines for electrical plug and cord safety:

• Do not remove the prongs of an electrical plug. If plug prongs are missing, loose, or bent, replace the entire plug.
• Do not use an adapter or extension cord to defeat a standard grounding device. (e.g., Only place three-prong plugs in three-prong outlets; do not alter them to fit in a two-prong outlet.)
• Use extension cords only when necessary and only on a temporary basis. Do not use extension cords in place of permanent wiring. Request new outlets if your work requires equipment in an area without an outlet.
• Use extension cords that are the correct size or rating for the equipment in use. The diameter of the extension cord should be the same or greater than the cord of the equipment in use.
• Do not run electrical cords above ceiling tiles or through walls.
• Keep electrical cords away from areas where they may be pinched and areas where they may pose a tripping or fire hazard (e.g., doorways, walkways, under carpet, etc.)
• Avoid plugging more than one appliance in each outlet. If multiple appliances are necessary, use an approved power strip with surge protector and circuit breaker. Do not overload the circuit breaker.
• Discard damaged cords, cords that become hot, or cords with exposed wiring.
• Never unplug an appliance by pulling on the cord; pull on the plug.

Electrical Emergency Response

The following instructions provide guidelines for handling three types of electrical
emergencies:

Electric Shock:
When someone suffers serious electrical shock, he or she may be knocked unconscious.
If the victim is still in contact with the electrical current, immediately turn off the electrical
power source. If you cannot disconnect the power source, try to separate the victim from
the power source with a nonconductive object, such as a wood-handled broom.

IMPORTANT: Do not touch a victim that is still in contact with a power source; you could
electrocute yourself.

Have someone call for emergency medical assistance immediately. Administer first-aid,
as appropriate.

Electrical Fire:
If an electrical fire occurs, try to disconnect the electrical power source, if possible. If the
fire is small, you are not in immediate danger, and you have been trained in fighting fires,
use any type of fire extinguisher except water to extinguish the fire.

IMPORTANT: Do not use water on an electrical fire.

Power Lines:
Stay away from live power lines and downed power lines. Be particularly careful if a live
power line is touching a body of water. The water could conduct electricity.

If a power line falls on your car while you are inside, remain in the vehicle until help
arrives.

5-2: Lockout/Tagout Procedures

Lockout/tagout procedures are used to isolate hazardous energy sources from electrical,
hydraulic, or pneumatic machinery. Furthermore, when service or maintenance work is
required, lockout and tagout devices help ensure personal safety from possible energy
releases. All employees whose work involves hazardous energy sources must be trained in
lockout/tagout procedures.

Before performing service or maintenance work on machines, turn them off and disconnect
them from their energy sources. To further ensure employee safety, lockout and tagout
energy-isolating devices.

Most customer facilities have specific policies and procedures concerning electrical work. Make sure you understand and follow all customer rules and regulations.

The following sections provide general information on lockout/tagout procedures. In addition to the procedures in this manual, Sokudo maintains a Lockout/Tagout Program for the Control of Hazardous Energy. Refer to the Lockout/Tagout section for more information.

Applying Lockout/Tagout Devices

Only authorized employees may apply lockout/tagout devices. The following steps provide a brief outline of approved application procedures:

1. Notify employees that the equipment requires service or maintenance and is scheduled
   for shutdown and lockout/tagout.
2. Use established procedures to identify the type, magnitude, and hazards of the
   equipment's energy source. Make sure you know the proper methods for controlling the
   energy source.
3. If the equipment is currently operating, shut it down using normal shutdown procedures.
4. Isolate the equipment from its energy source by activating the energy-isolating device(s). Either lockout or tagout the energy-isolating device(s).
5. Dissipate or restrain stored and residual energy using methods such as grounding,
   repositioning, blocking, bleeding, etc. (Capacitors, springs, hydraulic systems, and
   air/gas/water pressure system may contain stored or residual energy.)
6. Ensure that all employees are removed from the equipment. Then, test the equipment for
   successful isolation by attempting to operate it.

IMPORTANT: After verifying isolation, return the controls to neutral or off.

Removing Lockout/Tagout Devices

When service and maintenance are completed, authorized employees may remove
lockout/tagout devices and return equipment to normal operations. The following steps
provide a brief outline of approved removal procedures:

1. Inspect the work area and remove any nonessential items. Make sure the isolation
   equipment is intact and in good working condition.
2. Ensure that all employees are safely removed from the equipment.
3. Verify that the equipment controls are in neutral or off.
4. Remove the lockout/tagout devices and re-energize the equipment.

NOTE: The removal of some forms of blocking may require the equipment to be re-energized before safe removal.

5. Notify employees that the equipment is ready for operation.
   

5-3: High Voltage Procedures

In addition to the guidelines associated with general electrical safety and lockout/tagout
procedures, there are more stringent safety requirements for high voltage procedures.

The following list provides high-voltage safety tips. For more information, please refer to
Title 29 Section 1910.269 of the Code of Federal Regulations or NFPA 70 (National
Electric Code).

• Ensure that only authorized employees work around high voltage equipment.
• Label entrances with a High Voltage Sign.
• Ensure that terminal voltage ratings can withstand surges caused by electrical faults or switching transients.
• Do not work alone near high voltage.
• Attach emergency shutdown instructions and phone numbers to equipment that is remotely controlled or unattended while energized.

5-4: Training

Employees in the following occupations are trained as well as other employees who may reasonably be expected to face comparable risk of injury due to electric shock or other electrical hazards.

• FSE Regional Managers

• FSE's and Installation Technicians

• Process Engineering Group

• Technical Trainers

• Training Managers

• Software Engineers

• Technical Support Engineers

• Technical Support Supervisors and Managers

Employees are trained concerning the standard and are familiar with the safety-related work practices equipment by OSHA standard 1919.331. through .335 that pertain to their respective job assignments. Also, unqualified employees facing a risk of electric shock are trained in and familiar with any electrically related safety practices not covered by the OSHA standards but which are necessary for their safety.

Those qualified persons permitted to work on or near exposed energized parts receive minimum training in and are familiar with the following:

• The skills and techniques necessary to distinguish exposed live parts from other parts of electric equipment;

• The skills and techniques necessary to determine the nominal voltage of exposed live parts; and

• The clearance distances specified for working on or near exposed energized parts and the corresponding voltages to which the qualified person will be exposed.

Qualified persons whose work on energized equipment involves either direct contact or contact by means of tools or materials also are trained concerning:

• The capability of working safely on energized circuits and are familiar with the proper use of special precautionary techniques, personal protective equipment, insulating and shielding materials, and insulated tools.

• The training for qualified and unqualified employees involves classroom, self-paced, or on-the-job training. The degree of training provided is determined by the risk to the employee.

5-5: Working on Energized Equipment

Only qualified persons are permitted to work on electric circuit parts or equipment that have not been de-energized (lockout/tagout). Qualified persons are capable of working safely on energized circuits and are familiar with the proper use of special precautionary techniques, personal protective equipment, insulating and shielding materials, and insulated tools.

Illumination
Persons are not allowed to enter spaces containing exposed energized parts, unless illumination is provided that enables the persons to perform the work safely.

Persons are not allowed to perform tasks near exposed energized parts where there is a lack of illumination or an obstruction which precludes observation of work to be performed.

Confined or Enclosed Work Spaces
Persons working in confined or enclosed spaces such as equipment interior areas that contain exposed energized parts are provided and must use protective shields, protective barriers, or insulating materials to avoid inadvertent contact with exposed energized parts.

Doors, hinged panels, and the like are to be secured to prevent their swinging into a person and causing he person to contact exposed energized parts.

Conductive Materials and Equipment
Conductive materials and equipment that are in contact with any part of a person's body must be handled in a manner that will prevent them from contacting exposed energized conductors or circuit parts.

If a person must handle long dimensional conductive objects such as metal ducts, pipes, rods, etc. in areas with exposed live parts, work practices will be used such as the use of insulation, guarding and materials handling techniques which will minimize the hazard.

Portable Ladders
All portable ladders used must have nonconductive side rails if they are used where the person using the ladder or the ladders could contact exposed energized parts.

Conductive Apparel
Employees are not allowed to wear conductive articles of jewelry and clothing such as watch bands, bracelets, rings, key chains, necklaces, metalized aprons, cloth with conductive thread, or metal headgear if they might contact exposed energized parts. However, such articles may be worn if they are rendered nonconductive by covering, wrapping, or other insulating means.

Interlocks
Only qualified persons are allowed to defeat an electrical safety interlock following the appropriate procedures for working on or near exposed energized parts, and then only temporarily while he or she is working on the equipment or the equipment. Also, the interlock system will be returned to its operable condition when this work is completed.

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6-1: Introduction, General Principles & Training

The purpose of this program is to protect Sokudo employees from injuries while servicing and maintaining equipment.

The program establishes requirements for hazardous energy control. It is to be used to ensure that machines and equipment are isolated from all potentially hazardous energy sources whenever servicing or maintenance activities are in progress.

All DNS machines maintained and installed by Sokudo fall under the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.147, the Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout). For this reason appropriate lockout procedures must be performed each time servicing or maintenance is performed. 

 RESPONSIBILITY

1. The Safety Manager is designated as the Program Coordinator for this company. Specific responsibilities include:

• Provide Hazardous Energy Control training to employees.

• Maintain a current listing of employees who have completed lockout training.

• Implementation and enforcement of this program.

• Provide managers with an initial supply of padlocks and DANGER tags for use each time a lockout process is performed.

• Conduct the annual inspection & review as required by section 6-3 of this program.

2. Each supervisor is responsible for the effective use of this program in the work group and to see that all required procedures are followed in every instance.

3. Each employee is responsible for learning and following the procedures and practices developed under this program. Notify the Program Coordinator prior to a lockout process.

 BASIC LOCKOUT PRINCIPLES

All equipment must be locked out to protect against accidental or inadvertent operation, when operation could cause injury to personnel. Locks are to be applied and removed only by the authorized employee who is performing the servicing or maintenance.

No one should attempt to operate locked out equipment.

Disciplinary action will be applied if any employee violates these procedures, regardless of whether or not physical harm or equipment damage results.

Lockout devices (padlocks) with an appropriate DANGER warning tag shall be used only for energy control. Prior to the servicing or maintenance of equipment, a padlock and DANGER warning tag will be obtained from your supervisor or manager. Each padlock will be keyed differently with no master key or duplicate keys available.

TRAINING

Each authorized employee shall receive training in the recognition of applicable hazardous energy sources, the type and magnitude of the energy available in the workplace, and the methods and means necessary for energy isolation and control. This training is required annually.

Each affected employee shall be instructed in the purpose and use of the energy control procedure.

All other employees who do not work in areas where lockout may be used will be provided a brief overview of the lockout program.

Training in lockout will be given to all new field employees (FSE, PE, Trainer, etc.) as a part of their orientation. Retraining will be conducted whenever there is a change in job assignment, a change in machinery or equipment or process change that presents a new hazard. Additionally, this training is required annually.

Names of authorized employees who have received appropriate lockout training are maintained in the safety training database.

6-2: SEQUENCE OF LOCKOUT

The following are specific procedures to be followed for lockout:

1. Notify the Area Coordinator (Lab Manager or Training Manager).

2. Notify all affected employees that lockout is going to be utilized, and the reason why.

3. If the machine/equipment is in operation, shut it down by the normal shutdown procedure.

4. Operate the appropriate switch, valve, etc., so that the machine/equipment is isolated from the energy source.

5. Lock the energy isolating devices, using assigned locks and danger tags.

6. Release, restrain, or dissipate any stored energy.

7. Verify that energy isolation is complete, by attempting to start the affected machinery or equipment in the normal manner.

8. After testing, return all operation controls to the "neutral" or "off" positions.

 RESTORATION TO NORMAL:

1. After service or maintenance is complete, check the area to ensure that no employees are exposed.

2. Remove all tools and repair equipment.

3. Ensure that all guards have been replaced and all safety interlocks reactivated (if so equipped).

4. Verify that the operating controls are in the "off" or neutral position.

5. Remove all lockout and tag devices and activate the energy isolation devices to restore energy.

6-3: PROGRAM INSPECTION AND REVIEW

At least annually, a designated representative will verify the effectiveness of the energy control procedures. These inspections shall provide for a demonstration of the procedures and may be carried out through random audits and observations.

The inspector must review the Hazardous Energy Control Procedure with all authorized employees, and actually observe the use of the Hazardous Energy Control Procedure. This inspection must be certified and documented by the inspector using a Hazardous Energy Control Lockout Program Inspection form. (Attachment 3).

These inspections are to ensure that the energy control procedures are being properly used, and to provide a check on the continued adherence to the procedures. Management must certify that the prescribed inspections have been performed. Any deficiencies must be corrected immediately, either by modification of the procedure, retraining of employees, or a combination of both.

 6-4: OUTSIDE CONTRACTORS

Outside personnel or contractors involved in lockout of equipment or machinery that affects our employees must submit their energy control procedures, in writing, to the Safety Manager. All affected employees must be trained in and familiar with the contractor's submitted procedure.

Contractors failing to adhere to the provisions of the OSHA Hazardous Energy Control standard will be asked to terminate their work until their program is brought into compliance.

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Note: These are the minimum standards concerning Confined Space Entry. Each customer may also have specific procedures to follow for Confined Space Entry. Make sure that you read and understand the customer's safety policies and procedures.

7-1: Types of Confined Spaces

A confined space is any enclosed area with the following characteristics:

• Limited means of entry or exit
• Structure that is not designed for extended human occupation
• Atmosphere that is actually or potentially hazardous
• Potential for other hazards

Because confined spaces offer limited means of entry or exit and may contain hazards, employees must comply with 29 CFR 1910.146 and the Sokudo Confined Space Entry Program when working in these areas. The Confined Space Entry Program is maintained on the SokudoWeb. If you have any questions about confined spaces, contact the Environmental Health & Safety Department.

Most confined spaces are actually or potentially hazardous. These confined spaces require work permits because they have one or more of the following:

• Hazardous atmosphere or the potential to contain hazardous atmosphere
• Materials that could engulf workers
• Internal structure or contents that could trap or asphyxiate employees
• Other recognizable hazards

Examples of confined spaces include the following:

• Crawl spaces
• Equipment interiors
• Chase areas

Definitions

Confined Space: Any enclosed space with limited means of entry or egress, which is not designed for continuous occupation.

Permit-Required Confined Space: Confined space that contains actually or potentially hazardous atmosphere, or the potential for engulfment by particulate matter or liquid.

Entry: Physical act of entering a confined space. An entry occurs when a worker's face breaks the plane of the confined space opening.

Authorized Entrants: Properly trained workers with the authorization to enter confined spaces.

Authorized Attendant: Properly trained worker who is positioned outside a confined space. This person monitors the entrants within a confined space and the external surroundings.

Person Authorizing Entry: Worker who is properly trained in administrative, technical, and managerial aspects of confined space entry. This person authorizes entry and has the authority to terminate entry when conditions become unfavorable.

Hazardous Atmosphere: Atmosphere that is oxygen enriched, oxygen deficient, combustible, toxic, or otherwise immediately dangerous to life or health.

Hotwork: Operations that could provide a source of ignition, such as riveting, welding, cutting, burning, or heating. Hotwork is also defined as work on energized electrical systems.

7-2: Employee Responsibilities

All employees and contractors must follow the guidelines in the Sokudo Confined Space Entry Program and other required programs to ensure safe entry into confined spaces.

In addition, Managers and Supervisors are responsible for the following:

• Selecting a person to authorize entry.
• Authorizing entrants and attendants, as appropriate.
• Providing atmospheric monitoring equipment, personal protective equipment, and other necessary equipment.
• Training the people who authorize entry and the people who enter and attend confined spaces.

The Sokudo Safety Manager is responsible for the following:

• Assisting with identifying confined spaces, as necessary.
• Assisting with training employees, as appropriate.
• Monitoring program compliance.

7-3: Safety Procedures

The following sections cover proper procedures and guidelines for safely working within confined spaces.

NOTE:  Confined spaces with high voltage electrical hazards are covered by 29 CFR 1910.269. Please refer to the code for more information.

Inspecting the Space and Completing the Checklist

Before entering a confined space, evaluate the area and complete a Confined Space
Checklist Form and Entry Document. 

To complete the form, determine the following information:

• Identity and location of the confined space.
• Purpose for entering the area.
• Known and potential hazards.
• Required isolation methods (e.g., lockout/tagout).
• Environmental conditions of the confined space.
• Rescue services, procedures, and equipment that may be necessary in case of an emergency.
• Communication procedures to be used.
• Personal protective equipment to be used.
• Any additional information relating to the specific circumstances of the confined space.
• Names of the following:
• Person authorizing entry
• Supervisor
• Authorized entrants
• Authorized attendants

IMPORTANT: If you intend to perform hotwork within the confined space, you must note this on the form.

Obtaining Entry Permission

Employees must notify the person who authorizes entry before working in confined spaces.

The person who authorizes entry refers to any records on file and identifies the actual or potential hazards of the area in question. If no file exists for the specific space, a new one is developed.

The person who authorizes entry then reviews and approves the entry form as appropriate. A copy of the form is filed for future reference.

COMBUSTIBLE ATMOSPHERES
Combustible atmospheres have enough oxygen and flammable vapor, gas, or dust to ignite and support a fire or explosion if exposed to flames, sparks, or heat.

TOXIC ATMOSPHERES
Toxic atmospheres can cause injury, illness, or death. Safety concerns include inhalation and skin exposure. If the identity of the toxic atmosphere is known, check all appropriate Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for threshold limit values and recommended personal protective equipment. If the identity of the toxic atmosphere is not known, use maximum PPE (i.e., SCBA).

Ventilation

Ventilation controls the atmospheric hazards of a confined space by replacing unsafe air with clean, breathable air. There are several methods for ventilating a confined space. The method and equipment used depend on the following factors:

• Size of the confined space
• Atmosphere
• Source of the makeup air

DNS equipment that utilizes chemicals that produce toxic fumes normally have exhaust systems built-in to remove hazardous fumes. If you have concerns about the presence of fumes in and around DNS equipment, please speak with your manager or the Safety Manager.

Preparing the Site for Entry

Employees must complete the following steps to prepare confined spaces for entry:

1. Isolate the confined space entry site from the surrounding area using guards and
   barriers (including signs, rope, or tape).
2. Drain, clean, ventilate, and/or purge the confined space, as necessary, to prevent
   flammable, toxic, and corrosive hazards.
3. Isolate all electrical, mechanical, and pneumatic energy sources as outlined in the
   Lockout/Tagout section of this manual.
4. Ensure that all workers are wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, and
   that all persons wearing respirators have been properly trained in their usage.
5. Provide continuous ventilation, as necessary.
6. Ensure that non-sparking tools and explosion proof equipment are used when working
   in a potentially combustible atmosphere.
7. Obtain personal protective equipment, including lifelines, winches, and harnesses, as
   required. Ensure that the equipment has been inspected as scheduled.

Safeguarding Confined Space Operations

Life support safety is critical during confined space operations. The following items are requirements for safeguarding confined spaces:

• Employees must wear appropriate personal protective equipment at all times.
• Employees must use harnesses, lifelines, and/or winches, as appropriate.

The Authorized Safety Attendant is specifically responsible for the following:

• Keeping a log of all authorized entrants working within the confined space.
• Maintaining constant verbal contact with the authorized entrants within a confined space.
• Taking necessary precautions and measures to prevent unauthorized persons from entering a confined space.
• Initiating evacuation procedures whenever conditions within or outside the confined space pose a new hazard.

All employees must evacuate a confined space when one or more of the following conditions occur:

• Authorized Safety Attendant orders evacuation
• Automatic atmospheric alarm sounds
• Authorized entrants believe they are in danger

Emergency Procedure

If a worker is unable to evacuate the confined space during an emergency, the Authorized Safety Attendant will contact ERT as appropriate.

The Authorized Safety Attendant and other workers outside the confined space should attempt to hoist the worker out of the confined space using a lifeline.

IMPORTANT: Under no circumstances should unauthorized employees enter a confined space during an emergency.

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8-1: Personal Protective Equipment Defined

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes all clothing and work accessories designed to
protect employees from workplace hazards. Protective equipment should not replace
engineering, administrative, or procedural controls for safety — it should be used in
conjunction with these controls. Employees must wear protective equipment as required and when instructed by a supervisor.

Remember, use of PPE is the last resort. Before deciding that PPE is required, the following controls must first be explored:

1. Engineering
   • The preferred method for controlling ergonomics hazards is through engineering techniques.
   • When the design of the workplace reduces the magnitude of risk factors, the likelihood of injury/illness is lessened.
   • Engineering controls might include changing the weight of objects, equipment design changes/modifications, changing work surface heights, or purchasing lifting aids.
2. Administrative
   • Administrative controls are workplace policy, procedures, and practices that minimize the exposure of workers to risk conditions.
   • They are considered less effective than engineering controls in that they do not usually eliminate the hazard.
     • Rather, they lessen the duration and frequency of exposure to the risk condition.
   • Administrative controls are applied when the cost or practicalities of engineering controls are prohibitive.
   • Example administrative controls include rest breaks, additional employees performing a lifting task, and housekeeping for tools and work areas.
3. Procedural
   • Procedural controls include work rules, general work practices, written safe work procedures, etc.
   • Questions to ask include:
     • can the procedure be altered to avoid or reduce the risk?
     • Can the individual be removed / distanced from the risk?
     • Can the activity be carried out at a time that would have a lesser impact on others?

The least effective controls are PPE as the worker is still exposed to the risk factor. Some examples might include providing knee pads, respirators, or fall-restraint systems. If all of the above fail to eliminate or reduce the hazard to an acceptable level, then it is time to determine which type of PPE should be used.

8-2: Arm and Hand Protection

Arms and hands are vulnerable to cuts, burns, bruises, electrical shock, chemical spills, and
amputation. The following are forms of hand protection that may need to be made available to employees depending on their job:

• Disposable gloves
• Rubber gloves
• Nitrile gloves
• Neoprene gloves
• Leather gloves
• Nonasbestos heat-resistant gloves
• Cotton gloves

Always wear the appropriate hand and arm protection. Double your hand protection by
wearing multiple gloves when necessary. If the gloves you need are not readily available, speak with your manager or the Safety Manager.

Follow these guidelines to ensure arm and hand safety:

• Inspect and test new gloves for defects.
• Always wash your hands before and after using gloves. Wash chemical-protective gloves with soap and water before removing them.
• Do not wear gloves near moving machinery; the gloves may become caught.
• Do not wear gloves with metal parts near electrical equipment.

IMPORTANT: Gloves can easily transmit hazardous material to anything you touch. Avoid touching any part of your body or clothing, or surfaces such as telephones, equipment areas, tables, etc. when wearing gloves.

See the Chemical Glove Guide for more information and to select the right gloves for various types of chemicals.

8-3: Body Protection

Hazards that threaten the torso tend to threaten the entire body. Protective clothing, such as rubber aprons or coveralls may be needed for specific work conditions.

• Rubber, neoprene, and plastic clothing may protect employees from most acids and chemical splashes.

Make sure you follow any customer policies concerning the appropriate type of protective equipment required. If you are unsure, immediately contact your manager or the Safety Manager.

8-4: Ear and Hearing Protection

If you work in a high noise area, wear hearing protection. Most hearing protection devices
have an assigned rating that indicates the amount of protection provided. Depending on your level of exposure, you may choose from the following devices:

• Disposable earplugs
• Reusable earplugs
• Headband plugs
• Sealed earmuffs

Earplugs may be better in hot, humid, or confined work areas. They may also be better for
employees who wear other PPE, such as safety glasses or hats. Earmuffs, on the other hand, may be better for employees who move in and out of noisy areas, because the muffs are easier to remove. Before resorting to hearing protection, attempt to control noise levels through engineering or operational changes.

To avoid contamination, follow these guidelines when using earplugs:

• Wash your hands before inserting earplugs.
• Replace disposable earplugs after each use.
• Clean reusable earplugs after each use.

Refer to the Hearing Conservation Program or contact the Safety Manager for more information.

8-5: Eye and Face Protection

Employees must wear protection if hazards exist that could cause eye or face injury. Eye and face protection should be used in conjunction with equipment guards, engineering controls, and safe practices.

NOTE:  Safety glasses are required in all customer manufacturing facilities. Even if the customer protocol does not require safety glasses, all Sokudo employees will wear safety glasses in all fabs, chase areas, sub-fabs, basements, and any other part of a customer's manufacturing facility.

Protective eye and face equipment is provided and required for Sokudo employees. Eye and face protection used must meet the requirements of ANSI Standard Z 87.1 - Eye and Face Protection. All employees are required to wear the prescribed eye and face protection to protect themselves from a hazardous environment.

Eye and Face protection must be worn at all times while in any customer manufacturing facility, Service Chase areas, Sub-Fabs, Basements or any other location where hazardous materials are present. The Sokudo Eye and Face Protection policy supersedes any and all customer policies that may not have this requirement for any of the locations mentioned. 

Eye and Face protection is to be worn at all times when performing any tasks or duties on Sokudo equipment, including installations, performing maintenance, modification, or repair on any and all  DNS equipment. This includes, but is not limited to:

§         Customer Fab (including production area, chase, sub-fab and other hazardous areas)

§         Sokudo Demo Lab

§         Factories in Japan,

§         Sokudo Training Lab

§         Sokudo Used Tool Refurbishment Facility

Eye and face protection must meet the following requirements:

§         Provide adequate protection.

§         Reasonably comfortable.

§         Fit snugly and not unduly interfere with movements.

§         Durable.

§         Capable of being disinfected.

§         Easily cleanable.

§         Kept clean and in good repair.

Persons requiring corrective lenses shall wear:

§         Spectacles whose protective lenses provide the correction.

§         Goggles that can be properly worn over corrective spectacles.

§         Goggles that incorporate corrective lenses.

Every eye and face protector is to be distinctly marked to facilitate identification of the manufacturer and ANSI Z 87.1.

When protector limitations and precautions are provided by the manufacturer, they are to be transmitted to the users and compliance enforced.

IMPORTANT: Do not wear contact lenses in the fab or other areas where hazardous atmospheres may be present. Contact lenses do not provide eye protection and may reduce the effectiveness of an emergency eyewash.

• If you wear prescription glasses, wear goggles or other safety protection over the glasses.
• Safety glasses with side-shields provide primary protection to eyes and are four times as resistant as prescription glasses to impact injuries.
• Goggles protect against impacts, sparks, chemical splashes, and irritating mist. Wear full goggles, not just safety glasses, when working with chemicals.
• A face shield is designed to protect the face from some splashes or projectiles, but does not eliminate exposure to vapors. A face shield should be worn with goggles or safety glasses.

8-6: Eye Wash Stations

Eye wash stations provide emergency eye treatment for people exposed to hazardous
materials.

Learn the location of at least two eye wash stations that are near your area of work in the fab. Should more than one person need an eye wash, it will be important that you know where more than one eye wash station is located.

IMPORTANT: If the eyes are exposed to hazardous materials or irritating elements,
immediately flush the eyes with water for at least 15 minutes.

At a customer facility, comply with their policies, including contacting the ERT and/or visiting the facility nurse.

Any Sokudo employee that uses an eye wash station because of suspected chemical contact should see a physician. Your supervisor or manager may direct you to visit a clinic or hospital for examination.

8-7: Foot Protection

To protect feet and legs from falling objects, moving machinery, sharp objects, hot materials, chemicals, or slippery surfaces, employees should wear closed-toed shoes, boots, or safety shoes as appropriate. Safety shoes are designed to protect people from the most common causes of foot injuries — impact, compression, and puncture.

NOTE: Foot protection is particularly important in the fab or anywhere around DNS equipment.

IMPORTANT: Sandals or open-toed shoes are not authorized in the Fab, Applications Lab, Technical Training Center, or other potentially hazardous areas.

8-8: Head Protection

Accidents that cause head injuries are difficult to anticipate or control. If hazards exist that
could cause head injury, employees should try to eliminate the hazards, but they should also
wear head protection.

Safety hats protect the head from impact, penetration, and electrical shock. Head protection
is necessary if you work where there is a risk of injury from moving, falling, or flying objects
or if you work near high-voltage equipment.

      Hard hats should be water resistant, flame resistant, and adjustable. Wear one of the
      following hard hats as appropriate for your work situation:

• Class A - General service, limited voltage protection
• Class B - Utility service, high-voltage protection
• Class C - Special service, no voltage protection

      Follow these guidelines for head safety:

• Check the shell and suspension of your headware for damage before each use. Look for cracks, dents, gouges, chalky appearance, and torn or broken suspension threads. Discard damaged hats or replace broken parts with replacements from the original manufacturer.
• Discard any hat that has been struck or dropped from a great height, even if there is no apparent damage.
• Do not wear a hard hat backwards, unless this is necessary to accommodate other protective equipment (e.g., welders face shield).
• Do not paint the plastic shell of a hard hat or alter it in any way.

8-9 Respiratory Protection

This section provides an overview of respiratory protection. For details and specifics, refer to the Sokudo Respiratory Protection Program.

Sokudo uses engineering, administrative, and procedural controls to protect people from
dangerous atmospheres, including harmful mists, smoke, vapors, and oxygen-deficient
atmospheres. When these controls cannot provide adequate protection against harmful
atmospheres, respiratory protection is necessary.

Usage Requirements

People who use respiratory protection must be physically capable of using and wearing the
equipment. In all cases, a physician must determine if an employee is healthy enough to use a respirator. In addition, all people required to wear respirators must be formally trained and instructed in proper equipment usage. This training must include instruction on common respiratory hazards and symptoms of exposure. See the Sokudo Respiratory Protection Program for more information on how to obtain training.

Types of Respirators

It is important to select the right respirator for the job. There are many types of respirators and each type protects against different hazards. Before selecting a respirator, an evaluation of the work environment must be conducted by a professional industrial hygienist. Refer to the Sokudo Respiratory Protection Program for details and instructions.

Respirators are classified according to these factors:

• Air source: supplied air or ambient air
• Pressure: positive or negative
• Mask configuration

The following lists information on various respirators:

Supply Air Respirators:

• Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBAs) use supplied air from a cylinder carried by the user.
• Airline respirators require a compressor or cylinder(s) and an airline hose to the user.
• Supply air respirators are necessary in oxygen deficient atmospheres.
• When using a supply air respirator, have a back-up person with a SCBA standing
  nearby.

Air-Purifying Respirators:

• Air purifying respirators use ambient air and cannot be used in oxygen deficient
  atmospheres, IDLH atmospheres, or areas where the identity or concentration of a
  contaminant is unknown.
• Ambient air is purified by a chemical cartridge, canister, or particulate filter.
  • Users must select the proper cartridge/canister/filter.
  • Cartridges and canisters must be replaced if the user notices an odor, taste, or throat irritation. Wet, damaged, and grossly contaminated cartridges/canisters must also be replaced
• Powered air- purifying respirators use filtered ambient air in a positive-pressure continuous flow mode.
• Disposable or single-use respirators are made of cloth or paper and are primarily used for nuisance dusts
• All filters (HEPA, dust pads, and disposable respirators) must be replaced if any of the following conditions occur:
  • Breathing becomes difficult.
  • Filter or dust respirator becomes damaged, visibly dirty, wet, or contaminated on the inside.
                     

Mask Types:

• Fullface mask covers the face from the hairline to below the chin. This type of mask] provides eye protection.
• Half-face mask covers the face from above the nose to below the chin.

The following table highlights various respirators and their ability to protect against different hazards:
 

NOTE: Only use respirators that are approved by NIOSH/MSHA.

Selecting a Respirator

When selecting a respirator, consider the following factors:

• Type of hazards
• Identity and concentration of the contaminant
• Time constraints
• Activity of the person wearing the respirator
• Degree of protection provided by each type of respirator

Follow these guidelines for selecting the correct respirator:

• Use a HEPA filtered respirator:
  • If the contaminant is a biological hazard
• Use a supply air respirator:
  • If the identity and/or concentration of the contaminant is not known
  • If an oxygen deficient atmosphere is known or suspected
  • If an IDLH condition exists
• Use a SCBA instead of an airline respirator:
  • If an airline respirator could be damaged by work or conditions within the area

IMPORTANT: Respirators are available in different sizes. Always fit test a respirator to select the correct size. 

Remember, before selecting a respirator an evaluation of the work environment must be conducted by a professional industrial hygienist. Refer to the Sokudo Respiratory Protection Program for details and instructions.

Using Respirators Safely

Follow these guidelines to ensure safe respirator usage:

• Make sure you have the correct respirator for the job.
• Inspect respirators before each use.
• Shave facial hair and put in dentures (if applicable) to ensure a good seal with the facemask.
• If you are working in a dangerous area, have another person present.
• Remember that contaminants can harm the body as well as the respiratory tract; wear protective clothing as appropriate.
• Return to fresh air and remove the respirator in the following conditions:
  • You feel nauseous, dizzy, or ill.
  • You have difficulty breathing.
  • The canister, cartridge, or filter needs to be replaced.
• Properly clean and store all reusable respirators.

In addition to the guidelines above, follow these instructions for respirator usage:

• Do not use a respirator unless you have been formally trained and have fit tested the respirator you plan on using.
• Do not mistakenly use a filter respirator for protection against gases or vapors.
• Never remove a respirator in a contaminated atmosphere.
• Do not talk unnecessarily or chew gum while wearing a respirator.
• Do not wear contact lenses while wearing a respirator.
• Do not allow your hair or eyeglass frames to interfere with the face mask seal.

Remember, before selecting a respirator an evaluation of the work environment must be conducted by a professional industrial hygienist. Refer to the Sokudo Respiratory Protection Program for details and instructions.

8-10: Showers

Emergency safety showers provide emergency treatment for people exposed to harmful
materials. If a person is contaminated with harmful chemicals, the emergency shower provides an instant deluge to protect the person from further exposure.

IMPORTANT: Emergency showers are for emergencies only. If a chemical spill occurs involving personal exposure, start the shower and remove affected clothing immediately. Stay in the shower for at least 15 minutes.

Learn the location of at least emergency showers that are near your area of work in the fab. Should more than one person need an emergency shower, it will be important that you know where more than one emergency shower is located.

      [Top of Page]

áTable of Contents
 

9-1: General Safety Guidelines

Almost everyone works with or around chemicals and chemical products every day. Many of these materials have properties that make them hazardous: they can create physical (fire, explosion) and/or health hazards (toxicity, chemical burns). However, there are many ways to work with chemicals which can both reduce the probability of an accident to a negligible level and reduce the consequences to minimum levels should an accident occur. Risk minimization depends on:

• safe practices,
• appropriate engineering controls for chemical containment,
• the proper use of personnel protective equipment,
• the use of the least quantity of material necessary, and
• substitution of a less hazardous chemical for the more hazardous one.      

Before beginning an operation, ask "What would happen if . . .?" The answer to this question requires an understanding of the hazards associated with the chemicals, equipment and procedures involved. The hazardous properties of the material and intended use will dictate the precautions to be taken.

Another important distinction is the difference between hazard and risk. The two terms are sometimes used as synonyms. In fact, hazard is a much more complex concept because it includes conditions of use. The hazard presented by a chemical has two components:

1. Its inherent capacity to do harm by virtue of its toxicity, flammability, explosiveness, corrosiveness, etc.; and
2. The ease with which the chemical can come into contact with a person or other object of concern.

These two components together determine risk (the likelihood or probability that a chemical will cause harm). Thus, an extremely toxic chemical such as strychnine cannot cause poisoning if it is in a sealed container and does not contact the handler. In contrast, a chemical that is not highly toxic can be lethal if a large amount is ingested.

Chemical safety is inherently linked to other safety issues including procedures,
personal protective equipment, electrical safety, fire safety, and hazardous waste disposal.
Refer to other sections in the Sokudo Safety Program for more information on these topics.

Knowledge + Common Sense + Caution = Chemical Safety

Not all chemicals are considered as hazardous. Examples of non-hazardous chemicals
include buffers, sugars, starches, and naturally occurring amino acids.

The following sections provide general guidelines for chemical safety. To obtain specific information about a chemical, refer to that chemical's MSDS.

Chemical Safety Guidelines

Always follow these guidelines when working with chemicals:

• Assume that any unfamiliar chemical is hazardous.
• Know all the hazards of the chemicals with which you work.
• Consider any mixture to be at least as hazardous as its most hazardous component.
• Never use any substance that is not properly labeled.
  • All chemicals must be labeled in English.
• Follow all chemical safety instructions precisely.
• Minimize your exposure to any chemical, regardless of its hazard rating.
• Use personal protective equipment, as appropriate.
• Use common sense at all times.

The five prudent practices of chemical safety sum up these safety guidelines:

1. Treat all chemicals as if they were hazardous.
2. Minimize your exposure to any chemical.
3. Avoid repeated exposure to any chemical.
4. Never underestimate the potential hazard of any chemical or combination of chemicals.
5. Assume that a mixture or reaction product is more hazardous than any component or
   reactant.
   

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Before using any chemical, read the container label and the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs). Container labels and MSDSs are good sources of information for
chemical safety. They provide the following information:

• Hazardous ingredients
• Exposure limits
• Physical and chemical characteristics, including the following:
  • Boiling point
  • Vapor pressure
• Physical hazards, including the following:
  • Flammability
  • Explosiveness
  • Reactivity
• Health hazards, including chemicals that are:
• Toxic
• Carcinogens
• Irritants
• First-aid procedures
• Proper leak, spill, and disposal techniques
• Proper storage and handling procedures
• Other special provisions 

Safe Handling Guidelines

Employees should treat all chemicals and equipment with caution and respect.

When working with chemicals, remember to do the following:

• Remove and use only the amount of chemicals needed for the immediate job at hand.
• Properly seal, label, and store chemicals in appropriate containers. Keep the containers clearly marked and in a well-ventilated area.
• Check stored chemicals for deterioration and broken containers.
• Learn how to dispose of chemicals safely and legally. Follow Sokudo waste disposal requirements discussed in this section.
• Clean up spills and leaks immediately.
• Know what to do in an emergency.

Likewise, when working with chemicals, remember the following:

• Do not store chemicals near heat or sunlight or near substances which might initiate a dangerous reaction.
• Do not transport unprotected chemicals between the work area and other areas. Use a tray, rack, cart or rubber carrier. Always use a secondary container when transporting hazardous or highly odorous chemicals on an elevator.
• Do not pour hazardous chemicals down the sink.
• Do not put fellow workers or yourself in danger. 

  ---

Hygiene and Chemical Safety

Good personal hygiene will help minimize exposure to hazardous chemicals.

When working with chemicals, follow these guidelines:

• Wash hands frequently and before leaving the fab gowning room. Also, wash hands before eating, drinking, smoking, or applying makeup.
• Remove contaminated clothing immediately. Do not use the clothing again until it has been properly decontaminated.
• Follow any special precautions for the chemicals in use.
• Assume that all chemical lines are attached to a supply and contain chemical. Physically confirm that a chemical line is empty, clean, and not under pressure before opening or cutting into the line.

In addition, follow these special precautions:

• Do not eat, drink, smoke, or apply makeup around chemicals.
• Do not wear contact lenses near chemicals, especially corrosives or volatile solvents.
• Do not keep food or food containers anywhere near chemicals.
• Do not sniff or taste chemicals. 

9-2: Hazard Communication Program

Sokudo has a written program (Sokudo Hazard Communication Program) that complies with
OSHA standards and the Texas Hazard Communication Act for hazardous chemicals. This
program is part of the Sokudo Safety Program and is maintained on the SokudoWeb. This Hazard Communication Program requires the following:

• Employee training (including recognition of signs of exposure)
  • This training is required annually for all Sokudo employees
• Labeling procedures
• MSDSs for chemicals at each workplace
• Instructions on how to read and interpret MSDSs
• Chemical inventory reporting procedures
• Recordkeeping requirements
• Emergency response procedures

Refer to the Sokudo Hazard Communication Program and other sections in this manual for
detailed information on these topics.

An integral part of hazard communication is hazard identification. Everyone who works with
hazardous chemicals, or near an area where they are used or stored, should know how to read and interpret hazard information. Signs, like the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) diamond in the illustration below, alert employees to the known hazards in a particular location.

9-3: Corrosives

A corrosive chemical destroys or damages living tissue by direct contact. Some acids, bases, dehydrating agents, oxidizing agents, and organics are corrosives.

Examples of Corrosives

Examples of acidic corrosives include the following:

• Hydrochloric acid
• Sulfuric acid

Examples of alkaline corrosives include the following:

• Sodium hydroxide (lye)
• Potassium hydroxide

Examples of corrosive dehydrating agents include the following:

• Phosphorous pentoxide
• Calcium oxide

Examples of corrosive oxidizing agents include the following:

• Halogen gases
• Perchloric acid

Examples of organic corrosives include the following:

• Phenol
• Acetic acid

NOTE:
      Concentrated acids can cause painful burns that are often superficial. Inorganic
      hydroxides, however, can cause serious damage to skin tissues because a protective
      protein layer does not form. Even a dilute solution such as sodium or potassium
      hydroxide can saponify fat and attack skin. At first, skin contact with phenol may not
      be painful, but the exposed area may turn white due to the severe burn. Systemic
      poisoning may also result from dermal exposure.

Safe Handling Guidelines for Corrosives

To ensure safe handling of corrosives, the following special handling procedures should be
used:

• Always store corrosives properly. Refer to the MSDSs and the Chemical Storage section of this manual for more information.
• Always wear gloves and face and eye protection when working with corrosives. Wear other personal protective equipment, as appropriate.
• To dilute acids, add the acid to the water, not the water to the acid.
• Corrosives, especially inorganic bases (e.g., sodium hydroxide), may be very slippery; handle these chemicals with care and clean any spills, leaks, or dribbles immediately.
• Use a chemical fume hood when handling fuming acids or volatile irritants (e.g., ammonium hydroxide).
• A continuous flow eye wash station should be in every work area where corrosives are present. An emergency shower should also be within 100 feet of the area.

Corrosive Example: Perchloric Acid

Perchloric acid is a corrosive oxidizer that can be dangerously reactive. At elevated
temperatures, it is a strong oxidizing agent and a strong dehydrating reagent. Perchloric acid reacts violently with organic materials. When combined with combustible material, heated perchloric acid may cause a fire or explosion. Cold perchloric acid at less than 70%
concentration is not a very strong oxidizer, but its oxidizing strength increases significantly at concentrations higher than 70%. Anhydrous perchloric acid (>85%) is very unstable and can decompose spontaneously and violently.

Always wear gloves and goggles while using perchloric acid. Be thoroughly familiar with the special hazards associated with perchloric acid before using it.     

9-4: Flammables

A flammable chemical is any solid, liquid, vapor, or gas that ignites easily and burns rapidly in air. Consult the appropriate MSDSs before beginning work with flammables.

Flashpoint, Boiling Point, Ignition Temperature, and Class

Flammable chemicals are classified according to flashpoint, boiling point, ignition
temperature. Flashpoint (FP) is the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid gives off sufficient vapor to ignite. Boiling point (BP) is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure under which the liquid vaporizes. Flammable liquids with low BPs generally present special fire hazards. The FPs and BPs of certain chemicals are closely linked to their ignition temperature — the lowest temperature at which a chemical will ignite and burn independently of its heat source.

The following table illustrates flammable class characteristics:
 

The following table provides examples of common flammables and their flashpoint and class.
 

Conditions for a Fire

Improper use of flammable liquids can cause a fire. The following conditions must exist for a
fire to occur:

• Flammable material must be present in sufficient concentration to support a fire (i.e., fuel).
• Oxygen or another oxidizer must be present.
• An ignition source must be present (i.e., heat, spark, etc.).

When working with flammables, always take care to minimize vapors which act as fuel.

Safe Handling Guidelines for Flammables

Follow these guidelines when working with flammable chemicals:

• Handle flammable chemicals in areas free from ignition sources.
• Use ground straps when transferring flammable chemicals between metal containers to avoid generating static sparks.
• Restrict the amount of stored flammables, and minimize the amount of flammables present in a work area.
• Remove from storage only the amount of chemical needed for a particular experiment or task.

9-5: Solvents

Organic solvents are often the most hazardous chemicals in the work place. Solvents such as ether, alcohols, and toluene, for example, are highly volatile or flammable. Some
solvents are nonflammable, but when exposed to heat or flame, may produce carbon monoxide, chlorine, phosgene, or other highly toxic gases.

Always use volatile and flammable solvents in an area with good ventilation or in a fume hood. Never use highly flammable solvents in a room with open flames or other ignition sources present.

Solvent Exposure Hazards

Health hazards associated with solvents include exposure by the following routes:

Inhalation:

• Inhalation of a solvent may cause bronchial irritation, dizziness, central nervous system depression, nausea, headache, coma, or death. Prolonged exposure to excessive concentrations of solvent vapors may cause liver or kidney damage. The consumption of alcoholic beverages can enhance these effects.

Skin contact:

• Skin contact with solvents may lead to de-fatting, drying, and skin irritation.

Ingestion:

• Ingestion of a solvent may cause severe toxicological effects. Seek medical attention
  immediately.

NOTE:
Do not depend on your sense of smell alone to know when hazardous vapors are present. The odor of some chemicals is so strong that they can be detected at levels far below hazardous concentrations (e.g., xylene).

In addition, some solvents (e.g., benzene) are known or suspected carcinogens.

Reducing Solvent Exposure

To decrease the effects of solvent exposure, substitute hazardous solvents with less toxic or hazardous solvents whenever possible.

NOTE:
The best all-around solvent is water; use it whenever possible.

9-6: Toxic Chemicals

 
The toxicity of a chemical refers to its ability to damage an organ system (kidneys, liver),
disrupt a biochemical process (e.g., the blood-forming process) or disturb an enzyme system at some site remote from the site of contact. Toxicity is a property of each chemical that is determined by molecular structure. Any substance can be harmful to living things. But, just as there are degrees of being harmful, there are also degrees of being safe. The biological effects (beneficial, indifferent or toxic) of all chemicals are dependent on a number of factors.

For every chemical, there are conditions in which it can cause harm and, conversely, for
every chemical, there are conditions in which it does not cause harm. A complex relationship exists between a biologically active chemical and the effect it produces that involves:

• Consideration of dose (the amount of a substance to which one is exposed),
• Time (how often, and for how long during a specific time, the exposure occurs),
• Route of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, absorption through skin or eyes), and
• Many other factors such as:
  • gender,
  • reproductive status,
  • age,
  • general health and nutrition,
  • lifestyle factors,
  • previous sensitization,
  • genetic disposition, and
  • exposure to other chemicals.

The most important factor is the dose-time relationship. The dose-time relationship forms the basis for distinguishing between two types of toxicity: acute toxicity and chronic toxicity. The acute toxicity of a chemical refers to its ability to inflict systemic damage as a result (in most cases) of a one-time exposure to relative large amounts of the chemical. In most cases, the exposure is sudden and results in an emergency situation.

Chronic toxicity refers to a chemical's ability to inflict systemic damage as a result of repeated exposures, over a prolonged time period, to relatively low levels of the chemical. Some chemicals are extremely toxic and are known primarily as acute toxins (hydrogen cyanide); some are known primarily as chronic toxins (lead). Other chemicals, such as some of the chlorinated solvents, can cause either acute or chronic effects.

The toxic effects of chemicals can range from mild and reversible (e.g. a headache from a
single episode of inhaling the vapors of petroleum naphtha that disappears when the victim
gets fresh air) to serious and irreversible (liver or kidney damage from excessive exposures
to chlorinated solvents). The toxic effects from chemical exposure depend on the severity of the exposures. Greater exposure and repeated exposure generally lead to more severe
effects.

Exposure to toxic chemicals can occur by:

• Inhalation
• Dermal absorption
• Ingestion
• Injection

NOTE:
Inhalation and dermal absorption are the most common methods of chemical
exposure in the workplace.

The following sections provide examples and safe handling guidelines for the following types
of toxic chemicals:

• Toxicants
• Carcinogens
• Reproductive Toxins
• Sensitizers
• Irritants

IMPORTANT:
Minimize your exposure to any toxic chemical.

Acute Toxins

Acute toxins can cause severe injury or death as a result of short-term, high-level exposure.

Examples of acute toxins include the following:

• Hydrogen cyanide
• Hydrogen sulfide
• Nitrogen dioxide
• Ricin
• Organophosphate pesticides
• Arsenic

Do not work alone when handling acute toxins. Use a fume hood to ensure proper
ventilation.

Chronic Toxins

Chronic toxins cause severe injury after repeated exposure.

Examples of chronic toxins include the following:

• Mercury
• Lead
• Formaldehyde

Carcinogens

Carcinogens are materials that can cause cancer in humans or animals. Several agencies
including OSHA, NIOSH, and IARC are responsible for identifying carcinogens. There are
very few chemicals known to cause cancer in humans, but there are many suspected
carcinogens and many substances with properties similar to known carcinogens.

Examples of known carcinogens include the following:

• Asbestos
• Benzene
• Tobacco smoke
• Chromium, hexavalent
• Aflatoxins

Zero exposure should be the goal when working with known or suspected carcinogens.
Workers who are routinely exposed to carcinogens should undergo periodic medical
examinations.

Reproductive Toxins

Reproductive toxins are chemicals that can produce adverse effects in parents and
developing embryos. Chemicals including heavy metals, some aromatic solvents (benzene,
toluene, xylenes, etc.), and some therapeutic drugs are capable of causing these effects. In addition, the adverse reproductive potential of ionizing radiation and certain lifestyle factors, including excessive alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and the use of illicit drugs, are recognized.

While some factors are known to affect human reproduction, knowledge in this field
(especially related to the male) is not as broadly developed as other areas of toxicology. In
addition, the developing embryo is most vulnerable during the time before the mother knows she is pregnant. Therefore, it is prudent for all persons with reproductive potential to minimize chemical exposure.

Sensitizers

Sensitizers may cause little or no reaction upon first exposure. Repeated exposures may
result in severe allergic reactions.

Examples of sensitizers include the following:

• Isocyanates
• Nickel salts
• Beryllium compounds
• Formaldehyde
• Diazomethane

Irritants

Irritants cause reversible inflammation or irritation to the eyes, respiratory tract, skin, and
mucous membranes. Irritants cause inflammation through long-term exposure or high
concentration exposure. For the purpose of this section, irritants do not include corrosives.

Examples of irritants include the following:

• Ammonia
• Formaldehyde
• Halogens
• Sulfur dioxide
• Poison ivy
• Phosgene

9-7: Reactives and Explosives

Reactive chemicals are sensitive to either friction or shock or they react in the presence of air, water, light, or heat. Explosive chemicals decompose or burn very rapidly when subjected to shock or ignition. Reactive and explosive chemicals produce large amounts of heat and gas; they are extremely dangerous.

Examples of reactive compounds include the following:  

9-8: Cleaning Agents

Many of the chemicals contained in cleaning agents are corrosive. Follow these guidelines
when working with any cleaning agent:

• Always read and understand the label instructions or the MSDS before using any cleaning agent.
• Wear appropriate eye protection and gloves for the job (e.g., neoprene, nitrile, or rubber).
• Do not leave aerosol cans in direct sunlight or areas where the temperature may exceed 120^øF. Heated aerosol cans may explode.

The following table outlines common cleaning agents, their hazards, and safety precautions:  

9-9: Spill Response

Spills are likely whenever chemicals are used. Personnel should be trained and equipped to
handle most of the spills in their work area. Most customer facilities have their own spill response developed and trained personnel to handle spills. If a spill occurs at a customer facility, follow the customer's policies and procedures.

Spill Prevention and Planning

Prevention is the best safety strategy for any environment. Use safe handling procedures and be aware of the potential hazards associated with chemicals. For example, before working with any chemicals, review the appropriate MSDSs.

Be prepared to respond to a chemical spill. To prepare for a potential spill, follow these
guidelines:

• Develop and periodically review written procedures for an emergency response plan.
• Keep a fully stocked chemical spill response kit available.
• Know the location and proper use of cleanup materials.
• Know how to turn off equipment, heat sources, electrical panels, etc.
• Review appropriate MSDSs.

Spill Response Kit

Sokudo work areas that contain potentially hazardous chemicals should have a chemical spill
response kit. This kit should include the following:

• Disposable laboratory/surgical gloves
• Disposable vinyl gloves
• Safety goggles
• Absorbent (e.g., spill pillows, vermiculite, litter box filler, etc.)
• Plastic scoop
• Plastic trash bags

Managers of Sokudo areas where hazardous chemicals are used or stored are responsible for obtaining spill response supplies. Most safety supply companies have a variety of products from which to select. Here are some suppliers:

• Linden Safety Supply (www.lindensafety.com)
• Lab Safety Supply (www.labsafety.com)
• Vallen Safety Supply (www.vallen.com)

Responding to Chemical Spills

The following sequence provides a brief overview of proper chemical response procedures:

1. Notify others in the immediate area that a spill has occurred. Evacuate the area if
   necessary.
2. Attend to injured and exposed people.
3. Identify the spilled chemical(s).
4. Based on the hazards and the personal protective equipment needed (e.g., respiratory protection), determine if you can safely clean the spill or if assistance is necessary. (Most spills can be cleaned safely by the people who were using the chemical.)

If you determine that you can safely clean the spill without emergency assistance, follow these guidelines:

• Wear appropriate protective clothing and equipment.
• Have another person stand by during the cleanup.
• Clean up the spill and collect all wastes for proper disposal.
• Ventilate the area, as necessary, before it is reoccupied.
• Decontaminate reusable cleanup supplies such as scoops, rubber boots, etc.
• Restock the chemical spill kit and return it to the normal storage location.

Do not take unnecessary risks with chemical spills. Contact emergency response personnel (911) and the Safety Manager whenever a spill involves the following:

• Large volume of spilled material
• Very hazardous material
• Very hazardous conditions (e.g., fire, explosion, toxicity, etc.)
• Strong odor
• Personnel injury or exposure

9-10: Chemical Storage

Proper chemical storage is as important to safety as proper chemical handling. Often,
seemingly logical storage ideas, such as placing chemicals in alphabetical order, may cause
incompatible chemicals to be stored together.

General Guidelines

Follow these guidelines for safe chemical storage:

• Read chemical labels and MSDSs for specific storage instructions.
• Store chemicals in a well-ventilated area; however, do not store chemicals in a fume hood.
• Maintain an inventory of all chemicals in storage.
• Return chemical containers to their proper storage location after use.
• Store glass chemical containers so that they are unlikely to be broken.
• Store all hazardous chemicals below eye level.
• Never store hazardous chemicals in a public area or corridor.
• Store hazardous chemicals only in OSHA-approved cabinets. Some providers of these cabinets are:
  • Linden Safety Supply (www.lindensafety.com)
  • Lab Safety Supply (www.labsafety.com)
  • Vallen Safety Supply (www.vallen.com)

Separating Hazardous Chemicals

In addition to the guidelines above, there are storage requirements for separating hazardous chemicals. Because an alphabetical storage system may place incompatible chemicals next to each other, group chemicals according to their hazard category (i.e., acids, bases, flammables, etc.).

Follow these guidelines to ensure that hazardous chemicals are stored safely:

• Separate acids from bases. Store these chemicals near floor level.
• Isolate perchloric acid from organic materials. Do not store perchloric acid on a wooden shelf.
• Separate highly toxic chemicals and carcinogens from all other chemicals. This storage location should have a warning label and should be locked.
• Separate acids from flammables.
• Do not keep peroxide-forming chemicals longer than twelve months.
• Flammables should be stored in an OSHA-approved flammable storage cabinet.

The following table provides examples of incompatible chemicals:
 

9-11: Shipping/Receiving Chemicals

The U.S. Department of Transportation regulates the shipment of hazardous materials.
Anyone who packages, receives, unpacks, signs for, or transports hazardous chemicals must be trained and certified in Hazardous Materials Transportation. Sokudo employees are not authorized to transport hazardous materials. This means that using any vehicle to  transport hazardous material is prohibited. If you are traveling to a customer facility, you may not have hazardous materials in your tool box or other container.

All chemicals purchased must have an MSDS. Warehouse employees are to ensure that all received chemicals or hazardous material has an MSDS that was supplied by the manufacturer  or distributor of the chemical.

9-12: Waste Handling & Disposal

Chemical waste must be handled and disposed according to strict regulations. These regulations may vary by state. Before disposing of any hazardous material, contact the Safety Manager for more information.

áTable of Contents

View the Sokudo Respiratory Protection Program.

10-1: Respiratory Protection Overview

This section provides an overview of respiratory protection. For details and instructions see the Sokudo Respiratory Protection Program.

Feasible engineering controls are the primary measures used to control employee exposure to harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gasses, smokes, sprays, or vapors. Such engineering controls include, but are not limited to enclosures and confinement, general and local ventilation, and substitution of less toxic materials.

When effective engineering controls are not feasible, or while they are being instituted, appropriate respirators are used as specified by the following requirements.

Applicable and suitable respirators are provided when necessary to protect employee health.

A Sokudo Respiratory Protection Program has been established and is properly maintained to protect employees from atmospheric contamination and/or hazards. Key elements of the program include:

• A written standard operating procedure governing the selection and use of respirators.

• Selection of respirators based on hazardous exposure per ANSI Z 88.1.

• Instruction and training of users concerning proper respirator use and their limitations.

• Regular cleaning and disinfection of respirators and thorough cleaning and disinfection before use by another employee.

• Respirators are to be stored in a convenient, clean, and sanitary location.

• Routine inspection of respirators during cleaning and replacement of worn or deteriorated parts. Respirators for emergency use such as self-contained breathing apparatus, are to be thoroughly inspected at least monthly and after each use. Records are maintained of these inspections.

• Work areas are routinely surveyed to review work area conditions and degree of employee exposure or stress.

• Regular inspections and evaluations are conducted to determine continued program effectiveness. A formal annual evaluation is conducted and a written report prepared.

• A determination must be made and recorded that employees are physically able to wear respiratory protection and are able to perform the work and use the equipment prior to assigning them to wear respirators. The consulting physician has determined the pertinent physical conditions. The respirator users' medical status is reviewed at least annually.

• Only approved respirators (per ANSI Z 88.1) are worn which provide adequate respiratory protection against the particular hazard. Recognized authorization for respirator approval include ANSI, U.S. Department of Interior, Mine Safety and Health Administration, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

10-2: Respirator Use

Standard procedures for emergency and routine respirator use have been developed which include all information and guidance necessary for proper selection, use, and care.

The correct respirator is to be specified for each job by a qualified industrial hygienist.

10-3: Education and Training

Supervisors and employees are properly instructed by competent persons in the selection, use, and maintenance of respirators. During the training program respirator users are provided an opportunity to handle the respirator, have it fitted properly, test its face piece-to-face seal, wear it in normal air for a long familiarity period, and to wear it in a test atmosphere. This training is to be arranged by Service Managers. Any qualified provider can be used. Sokudo has used the company AORM on several occasions and received excellent results from this company in environment monitoring, training, and fit testing.

 10-4: Fitting

Every respirator wearer must receive fitting instructions including demonstration and practice in how the respirator should be worn, how to adjust it, and how to determine if it fits properly. 

Respirators must not be worn when conditions prevent a good face seal including growth of a beard, sideburns, temple pieces on glasses, or absence of dentures.

Worker diligence in observing respirator fit factors is evaluated by periodic checks. Also, the respirator wearer has been instructed to check the respirator face-piece fit each time the respirator is donned as prescribed by the respirator manufacturer instructions.

10-5: Corrective Glasses and Respirator Use

There may be problems with respirator seals due to the temple pieces, therefore individuals wearing corrective lenses must obtain special authorization and approved to wear full face respirators. Special provisions will be made to ensure that employees can safely wear the respirator.

10-6: Maintenance and Care of Respirators

A respirator maintenance and care program is provided which covers the type of operations, working conditions, and hazards involved. The program includes:

• Inspection for defects (including leak checks),

• Cleaning and disinfecting,

• Repair, and storage

Respirator Inspections

All respirators are to be routinely inspected before and after use by the user to ensure they meet their original effectiveness. Any defects, or possible defects, detected are to be  reported to supervision so the necessary evaluations and maintenance can be performed prior to reuse.

Respirators not routinely used, but kept ready for emergency use, are to be inspected after each use and at least monthly to assure they are in satisfactory working condition. A record is to be maintained of these inspections showing the date of the inspection and findings.

Cleaning and Disinfection

Routinely used respirators are to be collected, cleaned, and disinfected as frequently as necessary to ensure proper wearer protection. Emergency use respirators are to be cleaned and disinfected after each use.

Replacement and Repairs

Respirator replacement and repairs are to be performed with parts designed for the respirator only by authorized and experienced persons and per the manufacturers recommendations. Reducing or admission valves or regulators are to be returned to the manufacturer or to a trained technician for adjustment or repair.

Storage

Respirators are to be stored so as to protect against dust, sunlight, heat, extreme cold, excessive moisture, or damaging chemicals. Routinely used respirators may be placed in plastic bags.

Emergency respirators placed at stations and in work areas for quick accessibility are to be stored in special compartments built for that purpose. These compartments are to be clearly marked. Storage of respirators in lockers or tool boxes are prohibited unless they are in carrying cases or cartons.

Respirators are to be packed or stored so that the face-piece and exhalation valve rest in a normal position and functions will not be impaired by elastomer setting in an abnormal position.

10-7: Respirator Filters

Note: Orange shall be used as a complete body, or stripe color to represent gases not included in this table. The user will need to refer to the canister label to determine the degree of protection the canister will afford.

  áTable of Contents

 11-1: Overview

The objective of the SOKUDO Hearing Conservation Program is to minimize occupational hearing loss by providing hearing protection, training, and annual hearing tests to all persons working in areas or with equipment that have noise levels equal to or exceeding an eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA) sound limit of 85 dBA (decibels measured on the A scale of a sound level meter).  A copy of this program will be maintained on the SokudoWeb. A copy of OSHA’s Hearing Conservation Standard, 29 CFR 1910.95, can also be found on the SokudoWeb Safety Web.   

11-2: Responsibilities

Management 

1.       Use engineering and administrative controls to limit employee exposure.

2.       Provide adequate hearing protection for employees.

3.       Post signs and warnings in all high noise areas of Sokudo property.

4.       Conduct noise surveys as needed.

5.       Conduct annual hearing test for all employees working in high noise areas.

6.       Conduct hearing conservation training for all new employees.

7.       Conduct annual hearing conservation training for all employees.

 Employees

1.       Use approved hearing protection in designated high noise areas.

2.       Request new hearing protection when needed.

3.       Exercise proper care of issued hearing protection. 

11-3: Procedures

 Noise Monitoring

1.  Requests for noise exposure monitoring should be forwarded to the Sokudo Safety Manager.  It is the responsibility of each individual department to notify the Safety Manager when there is a possible need for monitoring.  Monitoring may be outsourced to qualified consultants, however, some monitoring may be conducted by Sokudo employees at the discretion of the Safety Manager.

2. Monitoring should also be conducted whenever there is a change in equipment, process or controls that affect the noise levels.  This includes the addition or removal of machinery, alteration in building structure, or substitution of new equipment in place of that previously used.  The responsible manager must inform The Safety Manager when these types of changes are instituted.

 Employee Training

1.  Affected employees will be required to complete appropriate training concerning the proper usage and wearing of hearing protection.  The Safety Manager is responsible for management of this training.

2. Training shall consist of the following components:

   • how noise affects hearing and hearing loss;

   • review of the OSHA hearing protection standard;

   •  explanation of audiometric testing;

   • rules and procedures;

   •  locations where hearing protection is required; and

   • how to use and care for hearing protectors.

3. Training records will be maintained by The Safety Manager

Hearing Protection

Employees shall properly wear the prescribed hearing protection while working or traveling through any area that is designated as a high noise area. 

1. Hearing protection will be provided, and replaced as necessary, at no cost to employees who perform tasks designated as having a high noise exposure.  It is the manager’s responsibility to require employees to wear hearing protection when noise levels reach or exceed 85 dBA.

2. Warning signs are required in areas that necessitate hearing protection.  It is the responsibility of the manager to provide signage to the appropriate areas. 

3. Preformed earplugs and earmuffs should be washed periodically and stored in a clean area.  Foam inserts should be discarded after each use.  Hands should be washed before handling preformed earplugs and foam inserts to prevent contaminants from being placed in the ear.

4. The Safety Manager will keep a log of the areas or job tasks designated as requiring hearing protection, as well as the personnel affected by this Hearing Conservation Program.

Audiograms/Hearing Tests 

1.  Employees subject to the Hearing Conservation Program who have time-weighted average (TWA) noise exposures of 85 dBA or greater for an eight (8) hour work shift will be required to have both a baseline and annual audiogram. The audiograms will be provided at no cost to the employee.

2. The baseline audiogram will be given to an employee within one (1) month of employment and before any exposure to high noise levels.  Annual audiograms will be performed within one year from the date of the previous audiogram.  It is the responsibility of the individual and the manager to schedule the annual audiogram.

3.  If an annual audiogram shows that an employee has suffered a standard threshold shift, the employee will be retested within thirty (30) days of the annual audiogram.  If the retest confirms the occurrence of a standard threshold shift, the employee will be notified in writing within twenty-one (21) days of the confirmation.  Employees who do experience a standard threshold shift will be refitted with hearing protection and provided more training on the effects of noise.                   

 Attachment A

11-4: Hearing Conservation Training Log

Training Date:__________________________________ 

Topic:_________________________________________ 

Training Conducted by:__________________________ 

Attachment B 

11-5: Record of Hearing Protection Needs 

áTable of Contents
 

12-1: General Fire/Life Safety

Fire/life safety involves numerous safety issues including fire prevention, fire suppression, and emergency evacuation/response. Fire/life safety is everyone's responsibility.

IMPORTANT: Learn how to prevent fires and respond to fires — what you learn will be
invaluable.

Sokudo is committed to providing a safe environment for all building occupants and emergency. Sokudo uses nationally accepted codes as guidelines for inspections,
testing, and procedures.

The Effects of a Fire

Most fires produce an immense amount of smoke that is highly toxic. In fact, smoke is
responsible for more fire fatalities than flames. A smokey fire can have the following effect
on humans:

• Within 30 seconds _ Disorientation           
• Within 2 minutes _ Unconsciousness
• Within 3 minutes _ Death

Timing is critical during a fire. To ensure your safety, you must know how to prevent and
respond to any fire emergency.

Fire Prevention

The greatest protection against property loss and injuries from fire is prevention. Follow
these guidelines to promote fire/life safety:

• Minimize combustible storage.
• Store waste materials in suitable containers.
• Use flammable materials in well-ventilated areas. Use and store flammables away from ignition sources.
• Keep equipment in good working order. Have electrical wiring and appliances inspected regularly.
• If you smell gas, leave the building immediately. Report all gas leaks immediately.

For more information on fire/life safety, refer to other chapters in this manual, including
Emergency Preparedness, Electrical Safety, Fab Safety, Chemical Safety, Confined
Space, etc.

12-2: Fire Response

If you see a fire or smoke, or if you smell smoke, complete the following steps:

1. Spread the alarm and evacuate the building.
2. Call 911 to report the fire. Provide the operator with the following information:

      •Address and phone number
      •Approximate location of the fire
      •Size and type of fire
      •Your name

3. Exit the building by following posted evacuation routes. Do not use elevators during an emergency.
4. During actual emergencies, building occupants must receive permission from the Fire Department or senior Sokudo manager on site before re-entering the building. This applies only to Sokudo buildings. At a customer site, follow the customer's procedures regarding emergency evacuation.

NOTE: Evacuation plans and fire drills are essential for building occupants to respond
correctly to a fire alarm. Refer to the Emergency Preparedness section for more
information.

12-3: Combustible Storage

By storing excess combustible materials improperly, employees not only increase the
potential for having a fire, they increase the potential severity of a fire. To reduce the hazards associated with combustible storage, follow these guidelines:

• Eliminate excess combustible materials such as paper and cardboard.
• Do not store combustible materials in hallways, stairwells, or mechanical rooms.
• When stacking combustible materials, leave at least 18 inches between the top of the stack and the ceiling.

Flammable Liquids & Hazardous Materials

• Flammable liquids are to be stored and used in small volume containers. Filling of containers with flammable liquids is to be done by trained personnel wearing appropriate PPE. When metal containers are used, they are to be grounded to prevent static ignition.
• Flammable liquids must be stored in an OSHA-approved cabinet. Flammable cabinets are available from a variety of sources. A search on any Internet search engine for "flammable storage cabinet" should produce a long list of providers.
• All flammables and hazardous material must be labeled in English.

Portable LPG

Forklifts in use in the California warehouse may use LPG as a power source. Employees are to understand the following dangers concerning LPG.

• Exhaust fumes may contain carbon monoxide which can present a health hazard. Exhaust can also create smoke which may activate a smoke detector. Take special precautions to ensure adequate ventilation when using these machines indoors.
• Because LPG is extremely flammable, it is a potential fire hazard. Do not store LPG near heat, flame, or other ignition sources.
• LPG storage area should prevent unauthorized entry and have a portable fire extinguishers within 25 feet.
  

12-4: Emergency Access and Egress

Emergency access and egress are critical during an emergency situation such as a fire. During a fire, timing and quick response are essential to save lives and property. Effective emergency access ensures that fire trucks can reach a building in time to extinguish the fire. Unobstructed emergency egress ensures that building occupants can exit a building to safety.

These definitions help clarify the concept of emergency access and egress:  

Emergency Access:

• Pertinent facilities and equipment remain available and unobstructed at all times to ensure effective fire detection, evacuation, suppression, and response.
   
• Emergency Egress:

A continuous and unobstructed way to travel from any point in a building to all exits. A means of egress may include horizontal and vertical travel routes, including intervening rooms, doors, hallways, corridors, passageways, balconies, ramps, stairs, enclosures, lobbies, courts, and yards.

IMPORTANT:
Each location within a building must have a clear means of egress to the outside.

The following sections offer safety guidelines and procedures for maintaining emergency
access and egress.

Corridors, Stairways, and Exits

An exit corridor and/or stairway is a pedestrian pathway that allows direct access to the
outside of a building and/or allows access to a building entrance and subsequent pathways to the outside of a building (i.e., an exit corridor is the quickest, easiest, and most direct
pathway for leaving a building.) Because exit corridors or passageways are the primary
means of egress during an emergency, employees must follow the safety guidelines outlined in this section.

IMPORTANT:
There must be at least 28 inches clear width of unobstructed, clutter-free space in all corridors, stairways, and exits [29CFR 1910.36(g)(2)]

Follow these guidelines to promote safe evacuation in corridors, stairways, and exits:

• Keep all means of egress clean, clutter-free, and unobstructed.
• Do not place hazardous materials or equipment in areas that are used for evacuation.
• Do not use corridors or stairways for storage or office operations. Corridors may not be used as an extension of the office or storage areas.

12-5: Fire Lanes

A fire lane is an area designated for emergency personnel only. It allows them to gain access to building and/or fire protection systems. 

IMPORTANT:
Do not park in fire lanes or within 15 feet of fire hydrants and other fire
equipment.

Fire Doors

A fire door serves as a barrier to limit the spread of fire and restrict the movement of smoke. Unless they are held open by the automatic systems, fire doors should remain closed at all times. Do not tamper with fire doors or block them with equipment, potted plants, furniture, etc.

Fire doors are normally located in stairwells, corridors, and other areas required by Fire
Code. The door, door frame, locking mechanism, and closure are to be rated between 20 minutes and three hours. A fire door rating indicates how long the door assembly can withstand heat and a water hose stream.

Always keep fire doors closed. If it is necessary to keep a fire door open, have a special
closure installed. This closure will connect the fire door to the building's fire alarm system,
and will automatically close the door if the alarm system activates.

IMPORTANT:
Know which doors are fire doors and keep them closed to protect building occupants and exit paths from fire and smoke. Never block a fire door with a non-approved closure device such as a door stop, block of wood, or potted plant. For fire doors with approved closure devices, make sure that nothing around the door can impede the closure.

Never alter a fire door or assembly in any way. Simple alterations such as changing a lock or installing a window can lessen the fire rating of the door.

Doors to offices, storage areas, and classrooms help act as smoke barriers regardless of their fire rating. Keep these doors closed whenever possible.

REMEMBER:
A closed door is the best way to protect your path to safety from the spread of smoke and fire.

12-6: Fire Detection and Notification

Sokudo buildings use several types of fire detection and notification systems including heat detectors, smoke detectors, pull stations, and horns and lights. The following sections discuss these components.

Heat and Smoke Detectors

Fire detectors at Sokudo may be linked to a Monitoring System (such as Sonitrol). Once a
building alarm system is activated, the Monitoring System Operator is alerted. The type of  emergency response initiated depends on the alarm and the office location. Each office has at least one person assigned as the Sonitrol contact. The Monitoring System Operator will normally contact this person or their alternate.

Alarm Systems: Pull Stations

Fire alarm manual pull stations may be installed to manually activate a building's alarms in addition to the automatic fire sensing devices. When pulled manually, a pull station activates the fire alarm system and notifies monitoring personnel that an emergency exists.

If you smell smoke or if you see smoke or a fire, complete these steps:

1. Pull a manual pull station to evacuate the area.
2. If you are not in immediate danger, call 911.
3. If you are trained in fire fighting and it is reasonably safe to do so, you may attempt to extinguish the fire. Sokudo does not ask or expect employees to use a fire extinguisher. If safe to do so and you are trained in fire extinguisher operation, you may choose to use a fire extinguisher if you wish.

Fire Suppression

Sokudo uses various types of fire suppression equipment including portable fire extinguishers,
sprinklers, and fire hose/standpipe systems. The following sections discuss each type of fire suppression equipment.

Fire Extinguishers

Fires are classified according to three basic categories. Each type of fire requires special
treatment to control and extinguish it. Therefore, all fire extinguishers are clearly marked to
indicate the fire classes for which they are designed.

Fires are classified as indicated below. Refer to the table on the following page for additional information.
 

Class A:
Fires involving ordinary combustibles such as wood, textiles, paper, rubber, cloth, and
trash. The extinguishing agent for a Class A fire must be cool. Water and multi-purpose
dry chemical fire extinguishers are ideal for use on these types of fires.  

Class B:
Fires involving flammable or combustible liquids or gases such as solvents, gasoline, paint,
lacquer, and oil. The extinguishing agent for a Class B fire must remove oxygen or stop
the chemical reaction. Carbon dioxide, multi-purpose dry chemical and halon fire
extinguishers are ideal for use on these types of fires.  

Class C:
Fires involving energized electrical equipment or appliances. The extinguishing agent for a
Class C fire must be a non-conducting agent. Carbon dioxide or, multi-purpose dry chemical fire extinguishers are ideal for use on these types of fires. Never use a water fire extinguisher on a Class C fire.

INSPECTION, TESTING, & RECHARGING

The senior manager in each office is responsible for arranging inspection and testing of all fire extinguishers and fire hoses annually. To move a fire extinguisher to a new location or report a missing or damaged fire extinguisher, contact the Sokudo Safety Manager.

USING FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Most fire extinguishers provide operating instructions on their label; however, the time to
learn about fire extinguishers is not during a fire. The sooner you know how to use a fire
extinguisher, the better prepared you are.

NOTE:
Portable fire extinguishers are located throughout all Sokudo facilities. They are mounted in readily accessible locations such as hallways, near exit doors, and areas containing fire hazards. Make sure that fire extinguishers are accessible and securely mounted.

All employees are required to complete the safety course on Fire Prevention, Emergency Preparedness, and Fire Extinguisher Use. This course provides details on use of a fire extinguisher.  When using a fire extinguisher to fight or control a fire, aim the spray at the base of the fire. Because most extinguishers only work for a short time, employ a sweeping motion and work quickly to control the fire.

IMPORTANT:
Do not attempt to fight a fire unless it is small and controllable. Use good judgment to determine your capability to fight a fire. When fighting a fire, always maintain an escape route. Never allow a fire to block your egress. Sokudo does not require employees to fight fires; this is a personal choice and should only be done if you fully understand how to fight a fire and it is safe to do so.

Sprinkler Systems

The purpose of water sprinkler systems is to help extinguish and minimize the spread of fires. Sprinklers are normally activated only by heat. They may be not connected to emergency pull stations.

• To ensure that sprinklers are effective in the event of a fire, maintain at least 18 inches of clearance between any equipment or storage items and the ceiling. (Anything close to the ceiling can defeat the sprinkler system.)
• Never hang anything from a sprinkler head.
• Arrange work areas to facilitate sprinklers and allow even water distribution.
  

Fire Hoses and Standpipe Systems

Fire hose cabinets may be located in some Sokudo buildings near the exits. Employees who have not received specific training on how to use a fire hose to extinguish a fire should not attempt to use one.

12-7: Holiday Decorations

Holiday decorations are often fire hazards. Follow these guidelines to improve fire safety
during the holidays:

• Do not use live Christmas trees in Sokudo buildings unless they are treated with fire retardants. Use an artificial tree that is fire resistant.
• Do not place holiday decorations where they may block emergency egress (e.g., stairways, corridors, near doors, etc.)
• Only use decorations that are flame retardant.
• Practice good housekeeping by minimizing paper and other combustible decorations.
• Avoid using extension cords. If you must use an extension cord, use a heavy gauge cord and place it in plain view. Make sure the cord does not pose a tripping hazard.
• Use FM or UL labeled electrical decorations.
• Do not light candles or use other decorations with open flames.
• Turn off lights when the room is unoccupied.

  ---

áTable of Contents
 

13.1: Elements of Emergency Preparedness

An emergency consists of any situation that poses immediate and extreme danger to people, property, or process. Because most emergencies are sudden, severe, and unexpected, it is extremely important to be prepared for a possible emergency. Proper preparation helps ensure safety and survival. A written Emergency Action Plan is the best preparation tool for handling emergencies. Each Sokudo office is required to develop and post an emergency action plan.

To ensure effectiveness, review and update Emergency Action Plans regularly. Make sure
that each plan includes the following information:

• Procedure for sounding alarms
• Emergency escape procedures and escape route assignments
• Emergency procedures for employees with special needs
• Rescue and medical assistance requirements
• Names of persons or departments to contact for more information on handling emergencies
• Method for reporting emergencies
• Provision for training emergency procedures

The following format is to be used for each Sokudo Emergency Action Plan:

(Office Name) Emergency Action Plan

Emergencies should be reported by calling 911

Emergency Contacts

Emergency Plan Coordinator:

1.       Emergency Escape Procedures and Routes

a.   Emergency escape procedures and route assignments have been posted in each work area.

2.       Employee Accountability Procedures After Evacuations

a.   Rally points have been established for all evacuation routes and procedures. These points are designated on each posted work area escape route.

b.   All work area managers, supervisors and employees must report to their designated rally points immediately following an evacuation. Each employee is responsible for reporting to his or her supervisor so that an accurate head count can be made.

c.   Supervisors will check off the names of all those reporting and will report those not checked off as missing to the Emergency Evacuation Coordinator.

The Emergency Evacuation Coordinator will be located at one of the following locations:

(Note: Enter locations for particular office)

Primary Location: _________________________

Secondary Location: _________________________

d.   The Emergency Evacuation Coordinator will determine the method to be utilized to locate missing personnel.

3.       Training

•     The following personnel have been trained to assist in the safe and orderly emergency evacuation of other employees.

• The following employees have been trained and certified in CPR and/or First Aid:

(Evacuation Map should be prepared and posted throughout each office)

13-2: Evacuation Plans

A written plan for emergencies and fire drills is essential for each Sokudo building. Studies show that when occupants discuss, plan, implement, and practice evacuation plans, they are better able to protect themselves and others.

Developing a Plan

Each department or regional manager is responsible for developing a comprehensive plan for
evacuations and fire drills.

Conducting Fire Drills and Evacuations

To ensure that building occupants are prepared for an emergency evacuation, fire drills must be conducted at least one every 12 months. A safe and orderly evacuation is more important than a quick evacuation.

Practice fire drills should proceed as follows:

1. Fire drills should involve all occupants. Everyone should leave the building when the
   fire alarm sounds.
2. Occupants should close (not lock) doors as they leave the work area. Items that
   require security may be placed in a locking file cabinet or desk drawer on the way
   out.
3. All building occupants should gather in the preplanned meeting place (indicated on the building's Emergency Action Plan.
4. Emergency Action Plan Coordinators should check all areas of the office on their way out.
5. Once outside in the assembly area, each manager should account for all of their employees and report to one of the Emergency Action Plan Coordinators.
6. Upon completion of the drill, the department or regional manager in charge is to complete a Fire Drill Checklist.  A copy is to be kept on file by the manager and a copy is to be sent to the Safety Manager (safety@dnse.com).

13-3: Handling Emergencies

911

Regardless of the type of emergency in progress, you may call 911 and/or sound the fire
alarm immediately. Remain calm, notify others, and respond to the emergency as
appropriate. Do not attempt to handle any emergency situation in which you do not have
training (e.g., fire fighting, first aid, spill response, etc.).

IMPORTANT:
Call 911 and/or pull the fire alarm whenever a situation poses immediate danger
to people, property, or process.

When you call to report an emergency, provide the operator with the following information:

• Building or area name
• Location
• Brief description of the emergency
• Your name

The following sections offer specific safety guidelines and procedures for handling different
types of emergencies.

13-4: Bomb Threats

Bomb threats and other threats of violence are serious emergencies that require prompt
attention. Although bomb threats are rare, they can occur and require special handling.

How to Handle a Threatening Phone Call

If you receive a bomb threat over the phone, remain calm and act courteous. If feasible,
notify another person to listen on another extension. Ensure that someone is able to notify a Sokudo manager. Take notes on the caller's threat, tone, voice characteristics, and background noise. If the caller seems talkative, ask questions such as the following:

• When will the bomb go off? How much time remains?
• Where is the bomb located?
• What kind of bomb is it?
• How do you know about this bomb?
• What is your name?
• Do you know there are people in the building who could be hurt or killed?

IMPORTANT:
If you receive a threatening phone call, remain calm and take notes. Try to find out
as much as possible about the caller and threat.

The following form is an example of sounds to note while the caller is on the phone:
 

 
IMPORTANT:
Immediately after the call is terminated, contact Sokudo management for further instructions.

Handling Suspicious-Looking Items

If you locate a suspicious-looking item, do not handle the item. Clear the area of personnel
and notify your manager immediately.

13-5: First Aid

      Firs aid training is necessary to prevent and treat sudden illness or accidental injury. The
      primary objective of first aid is to save lives. This objective is achieved with the following:

• Preventing heavy blood loss
• Maintaining breathing
• Preventing further injury
• Preventing shock
• Getting the victim to a physician or Emergency Medical Service (EMS)

      People who provide first aid must remember the following:

• Avoid panic.
• Inspire confidence.
• Do only what is necessary until professional help is obtained.

      The following sections provide general information for handling common injuries and
      illnesses.

First Aid Kits

      A basic first aid kit should be available in each building, department, and vehicle. Suitable
      contents for this kit include sterile bandages, tape, scissors, ice packs, plastic gloves, and a
      mouth-to-mouth breathing tube. Aspirin or other oral medications, ointments or creams, eye
      drops, antiseptic solutions, or inhalants are not recommended in first aid kits.

      Inform employees of the location of first aid kits. Inventory supplies and restock items, as
      necessary.

Initial First Aid

If you are the first one on the scene of a medical emergency, your first priority is to remain
calm. Your action will vary depending upon the nature of the situation, but the following four
rules apply to any medical emergency:

1. Assess the Situation:

• Can you safely approach the victim? If not, what can you do to help without threatening your own safety?
• Determine what is wrong with the victim.

2. Set Priorities:

• Is the victim conscious?
• How serious is the emergency?
• Can someone else call 911, if necessary? If no one else is available, decide if it is more important to administer first aid immediately or to call 911 and leave the victim unattended.

NOTE:
Never leave a victim in a life-threatening situation without first trying to help.

13-6: Weather Emergencies

Depending on which part of the country you are in, weather emergency concerns can include high winds, heavy rains, severe winter weather, lightning, or tornadoes.

Heavy Rain/High Winds

• Heavy rain and high winds provide dangerous driving conditions. Because flooding is a
  common problem in the Brazos Valley, motorists should be aware of local weather
  conditions and avoid roads that tend to flood in heavy rains.
• IMPORTANT:
  Do not drive in flooded areas or attempt to cross moving water in an automobile. Moving water can easily capsize a car or truck and drown the victim. Avoid creeks, rivers, ditches, and flooded roads during heavy rains. Keep children from playing in these areas during inclement weather.
• High winds can topple trees, outdoor equipment, and electrical lines. Avoid downed power
  lines and notify the utility company of power outages. If an electrical line falls across your car,
  do not move the car or try to get out. Stay where you are until help arrives.
  

Lightning

Lightning is nature's worst destroyer. A typical lightning bolt contains several hundred million
volts at 30,000 or more amperes.

• Lightning need not strike a person directly to be dangerous.
• Lightning can crash down from virtually clear sky.
• Stay away from open doors or windows during an electrical storm.
• Avoid using the telephone or television set and keep clear of all metal objects such as pipes and electrical appliances during a storm.
• Do not go outside.

      If you find yourself caught in a storm away from a protected building:

• Avoid tree lines.
• Stay away from unprotected storm shelters.
• Stay away from flag poles, towers, and metal fences.
• Do not wade, swim, or go boating in a thunderstorm.
• A closed automobile provides a protective metal shell.
• If caught in the open, stay low.

Tornado

Tornadoes produce violent winds that can damage homes, vehicles, people, and wildlife. The
primary dangers associated with tornadoes are high winds and flying debris. Severe
thunderstorms and hail commonly precede a tornado. A dark funnel cloud or roaring noise
(like a train) is evidence of an actual tornado.

      A tornado watch is issued when weather conditions are ideal for a tornado to form. A
      tornado warning is issued when a tornado is actually identified in the immediate vicinity.

      If a tornado warning is issued, seek shelter immediately. Stay away from windows, doors,
      and outside walls.

• Do not drive to shelter, unless you are already in a vehicle when the warning is issued. Drive to the nearest building or seek shelter in a ditch or ravine.
• Never try to outrun a tornado in your vehicle.
• If your are in a school, hospital, factory, shopping mall, or other public area, go to the designated shelter area. Interior halls on the lowest floors are usually best.
• If you are at a home or in a building, go to an interior room on the lowest level (e.g., bathroom, closet, hall, etc.). Get under a piece of sturdy furniture if possible.

Winter Weather

Special precautions must be taken to ensure safety in winter weather. Wear appropriate clothing for local weather conditions and keep your vehicle in good working order. If the roads become slick with ice, use extreme caution or avoid driving.

• Slippery streets increase stopping distances. Drive slowly in winter weather.
• Choose shoes that provide the best footing for the weather.
• Clear walkways and steps of snow and ice.
• Use handrails where available.
• Clean snow and ice from all vehicle windows.

áTable of Contents

14.1 Purpose and Applicability

1.1 It is the policy of SOKUDO (Sokudo) to provide safety training for all employees. The training program that employees will complete depends on their function at Sokudo. All employees will complete assigned safety training during new employee orientation. Some courses require re-training  annually and some courses may have other re-training requirements. In addition, each employee shall be provided with job specific training from his or her supervisor as appropriate.

1.2 This training includes information regarding job hazards, possible health effects, and required work practices and procedures. Sokudo’s Health and Safety Program has been designed to meet or exceed the requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and all other federal, state, and local regulatory agencies. 

1.3 The objectives of the training program are to:

®        identify all required and recommended safety training;  

®        provide mechanisms to ensure that the training is completed;  

®        document all training;

®        make training records available to management and regulatory agencies, and

®        ensure continuous evaluation and improvement of the program.

1.4 The purpose of this policy is to describe the various safety-training programs available and the means in which employees may access and complete this training. This training program applies to all Sokudo employees.

14.2 Definitions

2.1 “LMS”: Learning Management System. A tool used to provide access and tracking for all training (safety, technical, equipment, management, etc).

2.2 “TrainCaster” is the LMS that Sokudo uses. TrainCaster provides a training portal for all employees to access training on demand. Users may complete self-paced courses and may register for classroom courses. http://www.dnse.traincaster.com

14.3 Roles and Responsibilities

3.1 Employees

Employees are responsible for ensuring their safety training is completed as assigned. The TrainCaster LMS automatically sends out an email notification to advise employee of training due dates. For new employees, all assigned safety courses must be successfully completed during the first 5 working days of employment at Sokudo.

3.2 Managers

Managers are responsible for completing their own safety training and ensuring that employees complete their training when it falls due. Managers are to check reports in the LMS occasionally to track their employee progress.

Managers are also responsible for ensuring their employees receive specialized safety training as may be appropriate for their job or the location of their job. This may include any customer-required training, respirator fit testing and training, and any other training specific to the job such as chemical safety training, emergency evacuation, lockout/tagout, incident reporting procedures, and other hazards specific to the employee’s job.

Employees are not to be permitted to work on or around any DNS equipment (including those in the Training Lab) before successful completion of all assigned safety courses.

3.2 Safety Manager

The Sokudo Safety Manager is responsible for ensuring safety training courses are available and accessible.

 3.3 HR Director

The HR Director oversees the entire Sokudo Safety Program and is responsible for all aspects including safety training. The Safety Manager reports to the HR Director.

3.4 Sokudo Chairman

The Sokudo Chairman is final approval authority for all safety policies and programs, including safety training. The HR Director reports to the Sokudo Chairman.

14.4 Curriculum

4.1 All employees must receive training to reinforce policies and procedures.

Employees shall complete a training program appropriate for their work at Sokudo. Training is to be completed as assigned. The job categories are: Office, Manager, FSE, Warehouse, and Safety Committee.

SD=Sokudo course created in-house. May include text, audio, images, and animation.

SM=Full motion video and audio course from Mastery Technologies.

All courses are accessed via the TrainCaster LMS (http://www.dnse.traincaster.com). Any computer with an Internet connection may access this site.

The courses for each job type are listed below (frequency):

4.2 All Employees

1. SD-001: Overview of Sokudo Safety (Initial and as Program is updated)

2. SD-006: Fire Prevention, Emergency Preparedness & Fire Extinguisher Use (Annual)

3. SD-007: Hazard Communication (Initial and every 3 years)

4. SM-003 Basics of Ergonomics (Annual)

4.3 Office

1. SM-005:Drive Safely (for anyone using a personal or rental car for Company business at any time) (Initial)

4.4 Manager

1. SD-002:Sokudo Safety for Managers (Initial)

2. SD-004:Incident Investigations at Sokudo (Initial)

3. SM-001:Accident Investigation (Initial)

4. SM-005:Defensive Driving-Passenger Safety (Initial)